https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atomBuddhist Studies Review2024-02-28T15:48:19+00:00Alice Collett and Christopher Jonesajc50@st-andrews.ac.ukOpen Journal Systems<p><em>Buddhist Studies Review</em> is published by Equinox on behalf of the <a href="http://www.ukabs.org.uk/ukabs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UK Association for Buddhist Studies</a>. The Association was founded in 1996 and two years later took over publication of <em>Buddhist Studies Review</em>, which had been run since 1983 by Russell Webb and Sara Boin-Webb. Membership in the Association includes a subscription to the journal among other benefits.You can join the Association through the membership pages on their website. </p>https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/28564Vimalakirtinirdesa: The Teaching of Vimalakirti, translated by Luis Gómez and Paul Harrison2024-03-12T13:16:18+00:00David Drewes
<p><em>Vimalakirtinirdesa: The Teaching of Vimalakirti</em>, translated by Luis Gómez and Paul Harrison. Mangalam, 2022. 262pp. Pb. $24.95. ISBN-13: 9781732220911.</p>
2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/28563Buddhist Architecture in America: Building for Enlightenment, by Robert Edward Gordon2024-03-12T13:16:17+00:00Daniel Asia
<p><em>Buddhist Architecture in America: Building for Enlightenment</em>, by Robert Edward Gordon. Routledge, 2023, 188pp., Hb $160.00. ISBN-13: 9781032318455.</p>
2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/28562Morality and Monastic Revival in Post-Mao Tibet, by Jane E. Caple2024-03-12T13:16:17+00:00Catherine Hardie
<p><em>Morality and Monastic Revival in Post-Mao Tibet</em>, by Jane E. Caple. University of Hawai’i Press, 2019. 232pp., 9 b&w illus. Hb. $80.00, ISBN-13: 9780824869847; Pb. $29.00, ISBN-13 9780824869854.</p>
2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/28561The Three Similes2024-03-13T13:40:42+00:00Chris Wolf
<p>In accounts of the Bodhisattva’s search for enlightenment, three similes come to his mind. In them, the requirement for physical and mental seclusion in the attainment of enlightenment is compared to a man who wants to light a fire by three different means. However, when comparing the different versions of these similes, one finds that they serve different and opposing purposes. The task of the current paper is to shed some light on the numerous variations in different occurrences of these three similes, to determine their purpose and their most appropriate place within the Buddha’s biographical narrative. I attempt this through a text-critical analysis and comparison of all versions available in their original Indian languages. The analysis shows that the similes do not fit best in the context of teaching about self-mortification in which they usually appear, but in the context of the Bodhisattva’s discovery of the path to enlightenment. </p>
2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/28560Mountaintop Stone Giants2024-03-12T13:16:17+00:00Lim Young-ae
<p>The royal capital of Silla, presently known as Kyongju, is bordered in all directions by mountains that are the sites of giant rock-carved Buddhas. Occupying the summits of the surrounding mountains known as the “Five Sacred Mountains of the Silla Royal Capital” (wanggyong oak), the rock-carved Buddhas provided the Silla people with an accessible and convenient means of worship outside of the Buddhist temple. More importantly, the construction of Sokkuram Grotto on Mt. T’oham during the mid-eighth century was a reflection of the Silla belief that the mountain was Mt. Sumeru. The Sokkuram Buddha sculpture represented the Buddha’s residence at the summit of Mt. Sumeru, and was simultaneously the antecedent to the consecration of the Silla royal capital. Soon after, large-scale Buddha images were carved on the rock faces of neighboring mountaintops as a continuation and replication of this process, eventually resulting in a new macrocosm of Buddhism centered around the Silla royal capital.</p>
2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/28559Editorial2024-03-12T13:16:16+00:00Alice Collett2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/26716Visions of the Buddha: Creative Dimensions of Early Buddhist Scripture, by Eviatar Shulman2023-12-05T12:40:03+00:00Sarah Shaw
<p><em>Visions of the Buddha: Creative Dimensions of Early Buddhist Scripture</em>, by Eviatar Shulman. Oxford University Press, 2021. 274pp. Hb £64.00. ISBN-13: 9780197587867.</p>
2023-12-05T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/26649Science and Development in Thai and South Asian Buddhism, by David L. Gosling2023-12-05T12:40:03+00:00Elizabeth J Harris
<p><em>Science and Development in Thai and South Asian Buddhism</em>, by David L. Gosling. Routledge, 2020. 308pp. Hb £130, Pb 36,99. ISBN-13: 97800320846023.</p>
2023-12-05T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/26648Happy 40th Birthday, Buddhist Studies Review!2023-12-05T12:40:03+00:00Alice Collett2023-12-05T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/26592Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157-1270, by Alastair Gornall2023-12-05T12:40:03+00:00Naomi Appleton
<p><em>Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157-1270</em>, by Alastair Gornall. UCL Press, 2020. XIII-269pp. Hb £40, ISBN 9781787355156.</p>
2023-12-05T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/17527The Structure and Formation of the Anguttara Nikaya and the Ekottarika Agama2023-04-21T11:21:23+00:00Tse-fu KuanRoderick S. Bucknell
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In both the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Anguttara Nikaya</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in Pali and the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Ekottarika Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">in Chinese translation, the suttas are grouped into eleven nipatas (“books”), from the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Ekaka-nipata/Eka-nipata</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Book of Ones) to the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Ekadasaka-nipata</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Book of Elevens) – though in the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Ekottarika Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the nipatas are not labelled as such. This grouping into nipatas is based on the number of doctrinal items dealt with in the component suttas. In the Ones and Twos, it is often the case that a single original sutta has been subdivided so that its component sections become a series of similarly structured derivative suttas superficially appropriate for inclusion in the Ones or Twos. Moreover, material for this process of subdividing has sometimes been provided by multiplying doctrinal sets with formulaic statements. In most of the remaining nipatas the phenomena noted in the Ones and Twos are also present, but on a much smaller scale. In view of their Chinese counterparts in the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Samyukta Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, some groups of suttas in the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Anguttara Nikaya</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">with samyutta-like nature were probably moved from the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Samyutta Nikaya</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Anguttara Nikaya</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> within the Pali tradition. Evidence of a comparable movement into the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Ekottarika Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is also available. The artificial suttas created by </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">subdivision </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">and the original suttas shared by </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Ekottarika Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Anguttara Nikaya</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> largely retained their original places at the beginning of each nipata, while the genuine suttas, probably earlier located in the </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Samyukta Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and </span><em style="font-weight: 400;">Madhyama Agama</em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, were </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">added progressively at the end of the growing nipata</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p>
2020-03-19T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2020 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/17528Going Off the Map2023-04-21T11:21:24+00:00Dhivan Thomas Jones
<p>The early Buddhist exegetical text, the <em>Nettippakarana</em>, apparently uniquely, describes the stages of the path as ‘transcendental dependent arising’ (<em>lokuttara paticca-samuppada</em>), in contrast with the twelve <em>nidana</em>s, called ‘worldly dependent arising’ (<em>lokiya paticca-samuppada</em>). A close reading of the <em>Nettippakarana </em>in relation to another, related, exegetical text, the <em>Petakopadesa</em>, reveals that the latter interprets the same stages of the path in a different way. More broadly, while the <em>Petakopadesa </em>takes <em>paticca-samuppada </em>to refer only to the twelve <em>nidana</em>s, the <em>Nettippakarana</em>’s exegetical strategy takes <em>paticca-samuppada </em>to refer to an over-arching principle of conditionality, both ‘worldly’ and ‘transcendental’. This exegesis has proved popular with modern western Buddhist exegetes. </p>
2020-03-19T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2020 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/17529Causation and Free Will in Early Buddhist Philosophy2023-04-21T11:21:31+00:00Paul Bernier
<p>Free will and determinism have recently attracted the attention of Buddhist scholars who have defended conflicting views on this issue. I argue that there is no reason to think that this problem cannot arise in Buddhist philosophy, since there are two senses of ‘free will’ that are compatible with the doctrine of non-self. I propose a reconstruction of a problem of free will and determinism in Early Buddhism, given a) the assumption that Buddhist causation entails universal causal determinism, and b) a crucial passage (A I 173–175) suggesting that Early Buddhism is committed to the principle of alternative possibilities which is arguably incompatible with a determinist interpretation of causation. This passage suggests that Early Buddhism must leave room for a robust, incompatibilist form of free will, and that a conception of indeterminist free will in the spirit of Robert Kane’s theory allows us to make sense of that notion.</p>
2020-03-19T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2020 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/17531Nirvana in Early Buddhist Inscriptions2023-04-21T11:21:33+00:00Alice Collett
<p>Nirvana is often considered the quintessential goal of the Buddhist path. In this article, I focus on one aspect of the conceptualization of nirvana that becomes apparent through an analysis of its occurrence in early Indian epigraphy. Surveying pre-Gupta inscriptions, it becomes clear that the aspiration for nirvana has one recurring feature attached to it; the aspiration of the donor for the attainment of nirvana — whether for themselves or others — occurs when the donation is connected in some way or another to the relics or figural or non-figural representations of the historical Buddha. This suggests that the idea of being in the Buddha’s presence grew in importance in relation to the efficacy of religious practice in this period. The same ideas can be seen emerging in the later canonical Pali Apadana, and connect to developments in the emergence of Mahayana.</p>
2020-03-19T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2020 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/17532The Application of Traditional Rules of Purity (Qinggui) in Contemporary Taiwanese Monasteries2023-04-21T11:21:34+00:00Tzu-Lung Chiu
<p class="Abstract"><em>Vinaya</em> rules embody the ideal of how Buddhists should regulate their daily lives, and monastics are required to observe them, despite the fact that they were compiled nearly 2,500 years ago in India: a context dramatically different not only from Chinese Buddhism's present monastic conditions, but from its historical conditions. Against this backdrop, rules of purity (<em>qinggui</em>) were gradually formulated by Chinese masters in medieval times to supplement and adapt <em>vinaya</em> rules to China's cultural ethos and to specific local Chinese contexts. This study explores how the traditional <em>qinggui</em> are applied by the Buddhist <em>sangha</em><em> </em>in present-day Taiwan, and contrasts modern monastics' opinions on these rules and their relation to early Buddhist <em>vinaya</em>, on the one hand, against classical Chan literature (such as <em>Chanyuan qinggui</em>)<em> </em>and the Buddhist canon (such as <em>Dharmaguptakavinaya</em>), on the other. This comparison fills a notable gap in the existing literature.</p>
2020-03-19T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2020 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/22717The Suttas on Sakka in Agama and Nikaya Literature – With Some Remarks on the Attribution of the Shorter Chinese Samyukta Agama2023-05-31T09:53:01+00:00Dr Marcus Bingenheimer
<p>This article is one of a series concerning the Shorter Chinese <em>Samyukta Agama / Bieyi za ahan jing</em> (BZA) (T.100). The series is in turn part of a larger project conducted at Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwan, and currently hosted at: http://buddhistinformatics.ddbc.edu.tw/BZA/. The present article discusses the arguments that are advanced in favour of attributing the BZA to the Dharmaguptaka and Mahisasaka schools, analyses the different names of Sakra/Sakka and their etymologies found in BZA 35, and presents a translation of BZA 33 to BZA 42, the first ten of twenty suttas on Sakka in the BZA. Regarding the attribution we find that there is only one single passage that links the BZA with the Mahisasaka <em>Vinaya</em>. The comparison of Indian and Chinese forms of Sakka’s names clarifies some textual problems in the northern and the southern traditions. In the case of Purindada, this offers us a rare glimpse into how the early Buddhists had to ‘spin’ their texts when they incorporated the warrior god Indra into their pantheon.</p>
2008-12-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2008 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25438Heart to Heart2024-03-12T13:16:16+00:00Jayarava Attwood
<p>A comprehensive comparison of the Chinese and Sanskrit texts of the <em>Heart Sutra</em> shows that, even after correcting transmission errors, there are substantial differences between them. Most of the differences appear to arise from the process of translating the text from Chinese to Sanskrit in isolation from Sanskrit Prajñaparamita literary traditions. Some differences appear to reflect the differing doctrinal commitments of those involved in creating/transmitting the texts. Following a suggestion by Huifeng (2014), I take a phenomenological approach when reading the <em>Heart Sutra</em>, effectively creating a new kind of commentary that eschews the usual references to metaphysics, mysticism, and magic. The focus here is on the phenomenology of sensory experience and especially the cessation of sensory experience in meditation. </p>
2024-03-09T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25437Burning Still2023-03-16T14:09:22+00:00Akiko Walley
<p>Using an eighth-century copy of the 60-fascicle Flower Ornament Sutra as a case study, this article examines the transformation of a Buddhist scripture into an aesthetic object in early modern Japan. On the 14th day of the second month, 1667, a fire decimated Nigatsudo at Todaiji (Nara prefecture) along with most of the sacred objects within. Clerics salvaged partially burnt scrolls of an eighth-century Flower Ornament Sutra done in silver ink on indigo-dyed paper. The scrolls were restored ten years later, but by the first half of the eighteenth century, part of the set left the temple and began circulating in the art market as collectable calligraphy fragments, later known as the “Nigatsudo burnt sutra” (Nigatsudo yakegyo). This study traces the curious shift in the attribution of Nigatsudo yakegyo’s calligrapher that took place in the eighteenth century to consider how the burn marks impacted the transformation of this scripture from a devotional text into a collectable artefact. I argue that the curious switch in attribution occurred adhering to the popular imagination of the calligraphers, as well as the distinct role certain fragments played within the early-modern calligraphy collecting culture.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25436Guest Editors’ Introduction2023-03-16T14:09:23+00:00Ian AstleyNathalie Phillips
<p>Inasmuch as Buddhism’s professed goal is the elimination of all attachment to the material world, a pre-occupation with that materiality would immediately strike the disinterested observer as strange, if not improper. Indeed, the monastic tradition eschews engagement with what we colloquially refer to as artistic endeavour, as it detracts from the discipline required to attain the ultimate goal of “snuffing out” the flame that perpetuates suffering (LaFleur 2003, Introduction). Yet, the path to liberation is trodden in the material world, and its manifestations, perceived and processed through the physical senses, are necessary instruments and tools to that end. Cognition of the nature of actions and their fruits can only be achieved by engaging with their manifestations and permutations, using the techniques and disciplines that have been developed in the course of Buddhism’s history. However, the monastic tradition forms but a small part of the Buddhist tradition and the contributions to this volume are concerned in the main with artefacts that circulated outside the cloisters. They present a fascinating purview of how Buddhist ideas and practices circulated in pre-modern Japanese society, showing core beliefs about the Buddhist cosmos and how people from non-monastic walks of life (mainly in the spheres of politics and the aristocracy) availed themselves of that understanding of the world they lived in.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25435Sutra-copy Fragments in Calligraphy Albums2023-03-16T14:09:24+00:00Edward Kamens
<p>In the early-modern Japanese genre of calligraphy albums called tekagami, fragments of copies of sutras are an outstanding presence, but that presence raises questions about their provenance, condition, status, and significance within such settings. This article delves into these and other questions, with a focus on a set of examples in Tekagamijo, an album in the collection of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscripts Library, Yale University. The author suggests that sutra-copy fragments (J. shakyogire) have undergone a transformation or ontological shift that replaces their original sacred character with a new, contextually constructed significance that can best be understood through comprehension of the attitudes of the album’s compilers toward their materials and their task.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25434Re–Assessing the Authorship of the Heike Nokyo Ganmon2023-03-16T14:09:25+00:00Michael Jamentz
<p>This article demonstrates that Fujiwara no Toshinori composed the text of the National Treasure Heike nokyo ganmon, which has usually been attributed to Taira no Kiyomori. First, the article establishes that Toshinori was a prolific author of the ganmon genre, which required skill in composing elaborate parallel prose and a profound knowledge of Buddhist doctrine and Chinese history. It then documents the existence of many, overlooked works written by Toshinori and reveals that certain passages found in them match passages in the Heike nokyo ganmon, thus proving Toshinori’s authorship. It focuses in conclusion on Toshinori’s role in producing a picture scroll for the imperial court, a task precisely analogous to that carried out by his brother, the monk Joken, and suggests that Toshinori and his family may have been responsible for a good deal of the art created in the milieu of the retired emperor Goshirakawa.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25433The Heart Sutra Revisited2023-03-20T13:13:14+00:00Jayarava Attwood
<p>.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25432A Critique of Western Buddhism: Ruins of the Buddhist Real, by Glenn Wallis2023-03-16T14:09:26+00:00Jonathan C Gold
<p>A Critique of Western Buddhism: Ruins of the Buddhist Real, by Glenn Wallis. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019. 232 pp., Hb. £90.00, ISBN-13: 9781474283557; Pb. £26.99, ISBN-13: 9781350155213.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25431The Gilded Buddha: the Traditional Art of the Newar Metal Casters in Nepal by Alex R. Furger2023-03-16T14:09:26+00:00Christian Luczanits
<p>The Gilded Buddha: the Traditional Art of the Newar Metal Casters in Nepal by Alex R. Furger. Librum, 2017. 328pp., 551 illus. Hb. CHF/EUR 85. ISBN-13: 9783906897066.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25429Buddhism and its Religious Others: Historical Encounters and Representations, edited by C. V. Jones2023-03-16T14:09:27+00:00Elizabeth J Harris
<p>Buddhism and its Religious Others: Historical Encounters and Representations, edited by C. V. Jones. Oxford University Press, 2022. 230pp. Hb. £65.00. ISBN-13: 9780197266991.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25428The Korean Buddhist Empire: A Transnational History, 1910–1945 by Hwansoo Ilmee Kim2023-03-16T14:09:27+00:00Yeonju Lee
<p>The Korean Buddhist Empire: A Transnational History, 1910–1945 by Hwansoo Ilmee Kim. Harvard University Asia Center, 2019. 358pp. HB. $45.00, ISBN-13: 9780674987197.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/25427Shinra Myojin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean” by Sujung Kim2023-03-16T14:09:27+00:00Richard D McBride II
<p>Shinra Myojin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean” by Sujung Kim. University of Hawai’i Press, 2020. 194pp. Hb. $80.00, ISBN-13: 9780824877996; Pb. $28.00, ISBN-13: 9780824888442.</p>
2023-03-16T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2023 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/20661Buddhist Violence and Religious Authority2022-07-29T09:04:57+00:00Margo KittsMark Juergensmeyer
<p>.</p>
2021-07-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/20662Buddhist Challenges to the Contemporary Ethical Discourse of Violence versus Nonviolence2022-07-29T09:29:23+00:00Stephen Jenkins
<p>.</p>
2021-07-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 Equinox Publishing Ltd.https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/20663Dharma and its Discontents2022-07-29T09:30:15+00:00John Thompson
<p>This article critically re-examines the “received wisdom” on Buddhism— its history, traditional lore, monastic institutions, and ritual practices— acknowledging the fact of violence within Buddhism while striving for a nuanced understanding by looking at the life of Kumarajiva (ca. 344–413). A legendary figure in Sino-Japanese Buddhism, Kumarajiva has long been lauded as a wondrous exemplar of the Dharma at work, making accounts of his life valuable resources for understanding Buddhism in medieval China, including the place of violence. My intention is not to condemn Buddhism as a “violent religion” but to encourage us to consider just how pervasive and complex the role of “violence” seems to be within Buddhism (both in the past and in the present), and critically trace out some of its implications.</p>
2021-07-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2021 Equinox Publishing Ltd.