Learner Control and Error Correction in ICALL

Browsers, Peekers, and Adamants

Authors

  • Trude Heift Simon Fraser University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v19i2.295-313

Keywords:

Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems, Intelligent and Individualized Feedback, Learner Control in CALL, Web-Based Language Instruction, Grammar Practice

Abstract

This article reports the findings of a study on the impact of learner control on the error correction process within a web-based Intelligent Language Tutoring System (ILTS). During three one-hour grammar practice sessions, 33 students used an ILTS for German that provided error-specific and individualized feedback. In addition to receiving detailed error reports, students had the option of peeking at the correct answer, even before submitting a sentence (browsing). The results indicate that the majority of students (85%) sought to correct errors on their own most of the time, and that 18% of students abstained entirely from looking up answers. Furthermore, the results identify language skill as a predictor for students belonging to the group of Browsers, Frequent Peekers, Sporadic Peekers, and Adamants.

Author Biography

  • Trude Heift, Simon Fraser University

    Dr. Trude Heift is an Assistant Professor in the Linguistics Department at Simon Fraser University. Her research areas are in CALL, Computational and Applied Linguistics. She has developed web-based Intelligent Language Tutoring Systems for German, Greek and ESL. She is also the director of the Language Learning Centre at Simon Fraser University.

References

Bland, S. K., Noblitt, J. S., Armington, S., & Gray, G. (1990). The naive lexical hypothesis: Evidence from computer-assisted language learning. Modern Language Journal, 74, 440-450.

Brandl, K. K. (1995). Strong and weak students preference for error feedback options and responses. Modern Language Journal, 79, 194-211.

Chapelle, C., & Mizuno, S. (1989). Students strategies with learner-controlled CALL. CALICO Journal, 7 (2), 25-47.

Chapelle, C., Jamieson, J., & Park, Y. (1996). Second language classroom traditions: How does CALL fit? In M. Pennington (Ed.), The power of CALL (pp. 33-52). Houston, TX: Athelstan Publications.

Cobb, T., & Stevens, V. (1996). A principled consideration of computers and reading in a second language. In M. Pennington (Ed.), The power of CALL (pp. 115-137). Houston, TX: Athelstan Publications.

Elsom-Cook, M. (1988). Guided discovery tutoring and bounded user modelling. In J. Self (Ed.), Artificial intelligence and human learning (pp. 165-178). Bristol, UK: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd.

Hagen, L. K. (1994). Unification-based parsing applications for intelligent foreign language tutoring systems. CALICO Journal, 12 (2), 5-31.

Hegelheimer, V., & Chapelle, C. (2000). Methodological issues in research on learnercomputer interactions in CALL. Language Learning & Technology [Online], 4 (1), 41-59. Available: llt.msu.edu

Heift, T. (2001). Error-specific and individualized feedback in a web-based language tutoring system: Do they read it? ReCALL, 13 (2), 129-142.

Heift, T., & Nicholson, D. S. (2000a). Theoretical and practical considerations for web-based intelligent language tutoring systems. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, & K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 5th International Conference, ITS 2000 (pp. 354-362). Montreal, Canada: ITS.

Heift, T., & Nicholson, D. (2000b). Enhanced server logs for intelligent, adaptive web-based systems. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Adaptive and Intelligent Web-based Educational Systems, ITS 2000 (pp. 23-28). Montreal, Canada.

Heift, T., & McFetridge, P. (1999). Exploiting the student model to emphasize language teaching pedagogy in natural language processing. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer-Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing, ACL/IALL 1999 (pp. 55-62). College Park, MD.

Higgins, J. (1987). Artificial unintelligence. TESOL Quarterly 21 (1), 159-165.

Holland, M. (1991). Parsers in tutors: What are they good for? CALICO Journal, 11 (1), 28-47.

Holland, M. V., Kaplan, J. D., & Sama, M. R. (Eds.). (1995). Intelligent language tutors: Theory shaping technology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Hubbard, P. L. (1996). Elements of CALL methodology: Development, evaluation, and implementation. In M. Pennington (Ed.), The power of CALL (pp. 15-33). Houston, TX: Athelstan Publications.

Labrie, G., & Singh, L. P. S. (1991). Parsing, error diagnostics, and instruction in a French tutor. CALICO Journal, 9, 9-25.

Levin, L. S., & Evans, D. A. (1995). ALICE-chan: A case study in ICALL theory and practice. In M. V. Holland, J. D. Kaplan, M. R. Sama (Eds.), Intelligent language tutors: Theory shaping technology (pp. 77-99). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Loritz, D. (1995). GPARS: A suite of grammar assessment systems. In M. V. Holland, J. D. Kaplan, M. R. Sama (Eds.), Intelligent language tutors: Theory shaping technology (pp. 77-99). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Nagata, N. (1993). Intelligent computer feedback for second language instruction. Modern Language Journal, 77, 330-338.

Nagata, N. (1995). An effective application of natural language processing in second language instruction. CALICO Journal, 13 (1), 47-67.

Nagata, N. (1996). Computer vs. workbook instruction in second language acquisition. CALICO Journal, 14 (1), 53-75.

Pennington, M. (Ed.). (1996). The Power of CALL. Houston: Athelstan Publications.

Sanders, R. (1991). Error analysis in purely syntactic parsing of free input: The example of German. CALICO Journal, 9 (1), 72- 89.

Schwind, C. B. (1995). Error analysis and explanation in knowledge based language tutoring. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 8 (4), 295-325.

Self, J. (Ed.). (1988). Artificial intelligence and human learning. London, New York: Chapman and Hall, Ltd.

Steinberg, E. R. (1977). Review of student control in computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Computer Based Instruction, 3, 84-90.

Steinberg, E. R. (1989). Cognition and learner control: A literature review, 19771988. Journal of Computer Based Instruction, 16 (4), 117-121.

Van der Linden, E. (1993). Does feedback enhance computer-assisted language learning. Computers & Education, 21 (1-2), 61-65.

Wang, Y., & Garigliano, R. (1992). An intelligent language tutoring system for handling errors caused by transfer. In C. Frasson, C. Gauthier, & G. I. McCalla (Eds.), Intelligent tutoring systems: Lecture notes in computer science (pp. 395-404). Berlin, New York: Springer Verlag.

Yang, J., & Akahori, K. (1997). Development of a computer assisted language learning system for Japanese writing using natural language processing techniques: A study on passive voice. In Proceedings of the Workshop Intelligent Educational Systems on the World Wide Web, 8th Conference of the AIED-Society. Kobe, Japan: AIED-Society.

Yang, J., & Akahori, K. (1999). An evaluation of Japanese CALL systems on the WWW. Comparing a freely input approach with multiple selection. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 12 (1), 59-79.

Downloads

Published

2013-01-14

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Heift, T. (2013). Learner Control and Error Correction in ICALL: Browsers, Peekers, and Adamants. CALICO Journal, 19(2), 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v19i2.295-313