Speaking
A Critical Skill and a Challenge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v16i3.277-293Keywords:
Speaking, Automatic Speech Recognition, Speech-Interactive CALL, National Foreign Language Standards, Second Language AcquisitionAbstract
Speaking is at the heart of second language learning but has been somewhat ignored in teaching and testing for a number of logistical reasons. Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) can give speaking a central role in language instruction. This article describes plans and efforts to shape speech-interactive Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) programs. Current proficiency guidelines provide a practical framework for this development. Although questions and challenges remain, current implementations of ASR provide some solutions now, and on-going research holds great promise for future implementations.
References
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Bernstein, J., & Franco, H. (1996). Speech recognition by computer. In N. Lass (Ed.), Principles of experimental phonetics. St. Louis: Mosby.
Byrne W., Knodt, E., Khudanpur, S., & Bernstein, J. (1998). Is automatic speech recognition ready for non-native speech? A data collection effort and initial experiments in modeling conversational Hispanic-English. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Chapelle, C. A. (1998). Multimedia CALL: Lessons to be learned from research on instructed SLA. Language Learning and Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 22-34. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Chun, D. (1998). Signal analysis software for teaching discourse intonation. Language Learning and Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 61-77. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Clark, R. E., & Sugrue, B. M. (1991). Research on instructional media, 1978-1988. In G. Anglin (Ed.), Instructional Technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Clifford, R. T. (1987, March). Language teaching in the federal government: A personal perspective. Annals, AAPSS, 490.
Clifford, R. T. (1998). Mirror, mirror, on the wall: Reflections on computer assisted language learning. Calico Journal, 16 (1), 1-10.
Delmonte, R. (1998). Prosodic modeling for automatic language tutors. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Egan, K. B. (1996). Speech recognition application to language learning: ECHOS. Paper presented at the Annual Symposium of the Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium, Albuquerque, NM.
Egan, K. B., & Kulman, A. H. (1998). A proficiency-oriented analysis of computer-assisted language learning. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Ehsani, F., Bernstein, J., Najmi, A., & Todic, O. (1997). Subarashii: Japanese interactive spoken language education. In Proceedings of EuroSpeech Conference, Rhodes, Greece.
Ehsani, F. & Knodt, E. (1998). Speech technology in computer-assisted language learning: Strengths and limitations of a new CALL paradigm. Language Learning & Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 46-60. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Eskenazi, M. (1999). Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring: Some issues and a prototype. Language Learning & Technology [on-line serial], 2 (2), 62-76. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Holland, V. M. (1995). The case for intelligent CALL. In V. M. Holland, J. D. Kaplan, & M. R. Sams (Eds.), Intelligent language tutors: Theory shaping technology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Holland, V. M. (1997). Translating linguistic research into teaching: Precaution and promise in the application of natural language processing. In K. Murphy-Judy (Ed.), Nexus (pp. 52-65). Durham, NC: CALICO.
Hubbard, P. L. (1987). Language teaching approaches, the evaluation of CALL software, and design implications. In W. F. Smith (Ed.), Modern media in foreign language education: Theory and implementation. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.
Hubbard, P. L. (1998). An integrated framework for CALL courseware evaluation. CALICO Journal, 16 (1), 51-72.
Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Meador, J., Ehsani, F., Egan, K., & Stokowski, S. (1998). An interactive dialog system for learning Japanese. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Neumeyer, L., Franco, H., Weintraub, M., & Price, P. (1996). Automatic text-independent pronunciation scoring of foreign language student speech. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), Philadelphia, PA.
Neumeyer, L., Franco, H., Abrash, V., Julia, L., Ronen, O., Bratt, H., Bing, J., Digalakis, V., & Rypa, M. (1998). WebGrader: A multilingual pronunciation practice tool. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. New York: Prentice Hall International.
Phillips, J. K. (1998). Media for the message: Technology’s role in the standards. CALICO Journal, 16 (1), 25-36.
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: Harper Perennial.
Plass, J. L. (1998). Design and evaluation of the user interface of foreign language multimedia software: A cognitive approach. Language Learning & Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 35-45. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Price, P. (1998). How can speech technology replicate and complement good language teachers to help people learn language? In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Rypa, M. (1996). ECHOS: A voice interactive language training system. Paper presented at the Annual Symposium of the Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium, Albuquerque, NM.
Young, S. (1996, September). A review of large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 45-57.
Bernstein, J., & Franco, H. (1996). Speech recognition by computer. In N. Lass (Ed.), Principles of experimental phonetics. St. Louis: Mosby.
Byrne W., Knodt, E., Khudanpur, S., & Bernstein, J. (1998). Is automatic speech recognition ready for non-native speech? A data collection effort and initial experiments in modeling conversational Hispanic-English. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Chapelle, C. A. (1998). Multimedia CALL: Lessons to be learned from research on instructed SLA. Language Learning and Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 22-34. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Chun, D. (1998). Signal analysis software for teaching discourse intonation. Language Learning and Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 61-77. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Clark, R. E., & Sugrue, B. M. (1991). Research on instructional media, 1978-1988. In G. Anglin (Ed.), Instructional Technology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Clifford, R. T. (1987, March). Language teaching in the federal government: A personal perspective. Annals, AAPSS, 490.
Clifford, R. T. (1998). Mirror, mirror, on the wall: Reflections on computer assisted language learning. Calico Journal, 16 (1), 1-10.
Delmonte, R. (1998). Prosodic modeling for automatic language tutors. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Egan, K. B. (1996). Speech recognition application to language learning: ECHOS. Paper presented at the Annual Symposium of the Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium, Albuquerque, NM.
Egan, K. B., & Kulman, A. H. (1998). A proficiency-oriented analysis of computer-assisted language learning. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Ehsani, F., Bernstein, J., Najmi, A., & Todic, O. (1997). Subarashii: Japanese interactive spoken language education. In Proceedings of EuroSpeech Conference, Rhodes, Greece.
Ehsani, F. & Knodt, E. (1998). Speech technology in computer-assisted language learning: Strengths and limitations of a new CALL paradigm. Language Learning & Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 46-60. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Eskenazi, M. (1999). Using automatic speech processing for foreign language pronunciation tutoring: Some issues and a prototype. Language Learning & Technology [on-line serial], 2 (2), 62-76. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Holland, V. M. (1995). The case for intelligent CALL. In V. M. Holland, J. D. Kaplan, & M. R. Sams (Eds.), Intelligent language tutors: Theory shaping technology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Holland, V. M. (1997). Translating linguistic research into teaching: Precaution and promise in the application of natural language processing. In K. Murphy-Judy (Ed.), Nexus (pp. 52-65). Durham, NC: CALICO.
Hubbard, P. L. (1987). Language teaching approaches, the evaluation of CALL software, and design implications. In W. F. Smith (Ed.), Modern media in foreign language education: Theory and implementation. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.
Hubbard, P. L. (1998). An integrated framework for CALL courseware evaluation. CALICO Journal, 16 (1), 51-72.
Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Meador, J., Ehsani, F., Egan, K., & Stokowski, S. (1998). An interactive dialog system for learning Japanese. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Neumeyer, L., Franco, H., Weintraub, M., & Price, P. (1996). Automatic text-independent pronunciation scoring of foreign language student speech. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), Philadelphia, PA.
Neumeyer, L., Franco, H., Abrash, V., Julia, L., Ronen, O., Bratt, H., Bing, J., Digalakis, V., & Rypa, M. (1998). WebGrader: A multilingual pronunciation practice tool. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. New York: Prentice Hall International.
Phillips, J. K. (1998). Media for the message: Technology’s role in the standards. CALICO Journal, 16 (1), 25-36.
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: Harper Perennial.
Plass, J. L. (1998). Design and evaluation of the user interface of foreign language multimedia software: A cognitive approach. Language Learning & Technology [on-line serial], 2 (1), 35-45. Available: http://polyglot.cal.msu/llt
Price, P. (1998). How can speech technology replicate and complement good language teachers to help people learn language? In Proceedings of the Workshop on Speech Technology in Language Learning (StiLL), Stockholm, Sweden.
Rypa, M. (1996). ECHOS: A voice interactive language training system. Paper presented at the Annual Symposium of the Computer Assisted Language Instruction Consortium, Albuquerque, NM.
Young, S. (1996, September). A review of large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 45-57.
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Published
2013-01-14
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Articles
How to Cite
Egan, K. B. (2013). Speaking: A Critical Skill and a Challenge. CALICO Journal, 16(3), 277-293. https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v16i3.277-293
