A Visual Display for the Teaching of Intonation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v10i3.19-30Keywords:
foreign language teaching, intonationAbstract
Those learning foreign languages often experience problems in generating correct intonation. Therefore, several attempts have been made to support the teaching of intonation with the help of devices that display the pitch of speech. This paper deals with the development of a visual intonation-display system. In this system, the visual feedback of intonation is given as a continuous representation of the pitch contour containing only the perceptually relevant aspects of the pitch contour. The course of the pitch contour is approximated by a small number of straight lines. This pitch-contour representation is supposed to facilitate the interpretation of the visual feedback of the pitch contour. In many languages, correct positioning of the pitch movements with respect to the vowel onsets is crucial to proper intonation. Vowel onsets are therefore measured and displayed, too. A description of this visual-intonation display system is given, and its possible uses for teaching intonation are discussed.
References
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Bolinger, D. L. (1958). "A Theory of Pitch Accent in English." Word, 14, 109-149.
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Collier, R., and J. 't Hart. (1978). "Cursus Nederlandse Intonatie." Brochurereeks Dona. Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs. Limburg: Diepenbeek.
Cooper, W. E., and J. M. Sorenson. (1977). "Fundamental Frequency Contours at Syntactic Boundaries." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62, 682-692.
Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
________ (1981). Clinical Linguistics. New York: Harper.
De Bot, C. (1982). Visuele Feedback van Intonatie. Doctoral dissertation. Nijmegen University.
Eady, S. J., and W. E. Cooper. (1985). "Speech Intonation and Focus Location in Matched Statements and Questions." Journal of the Acoustical Society, 23, 765-769.
Fourcin, A. J., and E. Abberton. (1971). "First Applications of a New Laryngograph." Medical and Biological Illustration, 21, 172-182.
Geluykens, R., and M. Swerts. (1992). Prosodic Turn- and Topic-finality Cues and Transcription. Paper presented at the Workshop on Prosody in Natural Speech, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
't Hart, J., and R. Collier. (1975). "Integrating Different Levels of Intonation Analysis." Journal of Phonetics, 3, 235-255.
______, R. Collier, and A. Cohen. (1990). A Perceptual Study of Intonation: An Experimental-phonetic Approach to Speech Melody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hengstenberg, P. (1980). Suprasegmentalia und Aspecte ihrer Vermittlung in Sprachlichen Lehr- und Lernprozessen. Tübingen.
Hermes, D. J. (1990). "Vowel-onset Detection." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87, 866-873.
______, and J. C. Van Gestel. (1991). "The Frequency Scale of Speech Intonation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90, 97-102.
Lane, H., and R. Buiten.(1969). "A Self-instructional Device for Conditioning Accurate Prosody." In: Valdman (Ed.), Trends in Language Teaching. New York, 159-174.
Leon, P. R., and P. Martin. (1972). "Applied Linguistics and the Teaching of Intonation." The Modern Language Journal, 56, 3, 139-144.
Lieberman, P. (1967). Intonation, Perception and Language. Cambridge, MIT Press.
______, and S. B. Michaels. (1962). "Some Aspects of Fundamental Frequency and Envelope Amplitude as Related to the Emotional Content of Speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 34, 922-927.
MacCarthy, P. (1976). "Auditory and Articulatory Training for the Language Teacher and Learner." ELT, 30, 212-219.
O'Connor, J. D., and G. F. Arnold. (1973). Intonation of Colloquial English. London: Longman.
Sacks, H., E. A. Schegloff, and G. Jefferson. (1974). "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn Taking in Conversation." Language, 50, 696-735.
Spaai, G. W. G., A. Storm, and D. J. Hermes. (1991). "A Visual Display System for the Teaching of Intonation to Deaf Persons." IPO Annual Progress Report, 26, 127-138.
Suzuki, H., S. Kiritani, and H. Imagawa. (1989). "For Improvement of English Intonation Learning System." Annual Bulletin RILP, 23, 59-63.
Van Katwijk, A. (1974). Accentuation in Dutch. Assen: Van Gorcum.
Vardanian, R. M. (1964). "Teaching English Through Oscilloscope Displays." Language Learning, 3 / 4, 109-118.
Wichern, P. U. M., L. Boves. (1980). "Visual Feedback of F0 Curves as an Aid in Learning Intonation-contours." Proceedings Institute of Phonetics Nijmegen, 4, 53-63.
Anderson, F. (1960). "An Experimental Pitch Indicator for Training Deaf Scholars." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 32, 1065-1074.
Bolinger, D. L. (1958). "A Theory of Pitch Accent in English." Word, 14, 109-149.
Brazil, D., M. Coulthard, and C. Johns. (1980). Discourse Intonation and Language Teaching. London: Longman.
Collier, R., and J. 't Hart. (1978). "Cursus Nederlandse Intonatie." Brochurereeks Dona. Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs. Limburg: Diepenbeek.
Cooper, W. E., and J. M. Sorenson. (1977). "Fundamental Frequency Contours at Syntactic Boundaries." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62, 682-692.
Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
________ (1981). Clinical Linguistics. New York: Harper.
De Bot, C. (1982). Visuele Feedback van Intonatie. Doctoral dissertation. Nijmegen University.
Eady, S. J., and W. E. Cooper. (1985). "Speech Intonation and Focus Location in Matched Statements and Questions." Journal of the Acoustical Society, 23, 765-769.
Fourcin, A. J., and E. Abberton. (1971). "First Applications of a New Laryngograph." Medical and Biological Illustration, 21, 172-182.
Geluykens, R., and M. Swerts. (1992). Prosodic Turn- and Topic-finality Cues and Transcription. Paper presented at the Workshop on Prosody in Natural Speech, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
't Hart, J., and R. Collier. (1975). "Integrating Different Levels of Intonation Analysis." Journal of Phonetics, 3, 235-255.
______, R. Collier, and A. Cohen. (1990). A Perceptual Study of Intonation: An Experimental-phonetic Approach to Speech Melody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hengstenberg, P. (1980). Suprasegmentalia und Aspecte ihrer Vermittlung in Sprachlichen Lehr- und Lernprozessen. Tübingen.
Hermes, D. J. (1990). "Vowel-onset Detection." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87, 866-873.
______, and J. C. Van Gestel. (1991). "The Frequency Scale of Speech Intonation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90, 97-102.
Lane, H., and R. Buiten.(1969). "A Self-instructional Device for Conditioning Accurate Prosody." In: Valdman (Ed.), Trends in Language Teaching. New York, 159-174.
Leon, P. R., and P. Martin. (1972). "Applied Linguistics and the Teaching of Intonation." The Modern Language Journal, 56, 3, 139-144.
Lieberman, P. (1967). Intonation, Perception and Language. Cambridge, MIT Press.
______, and S. B. Michaels. (1962). "Some Aspects of Fundamental Frequency and Envelope Amplitude as Related to the Emotional Content of Speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 34, 922-927.
MacCarthy, P. (1976). "Auditory and Articulatory Training for the Language Teacher and Learner." ELT, 30, 212-219.
O'Connor, J. D., and G. F. Arnold. (1973). Intonation of Colloquial English. London: Longman.
Sacks, H., E. A. Schegloff, and G. Jefferson. (1974). "A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn Taking in Conversation." Language, 50, 696-735.
Spaai, G. W. G., A. Storm, and D. J. Hermes. (1991). "A Visual Display System for the Teaching of Intonation to Deaf Persons." IPO Annual Progress Report, 26, 127-138.
Suzuki, H., S. Kiritani, and H. Imagawa. (1989). "For Improvement of English Intonation Learning System." Annual Bulletin RILP, 23, 59-63.
Van Katwijk, A. (1974). Accentuation in Dutch. Assen: Van Gorcum.
Vardanian, R. M. (1964). "Teaching English Through Oscilloscope Displays." Language Learning, 3 / 4, 109-118.
Wichern, P. U. M., L. Boves. (1980). "Visual Feedback of F0 Curves as an Aid in Learning Intonation-contours." Proceedings Institute of Phonetics Nijmegen, 4, 53-63.
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Published
2013-01-14
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Articles
How to Cite
Spaai, G. W. G., & Hermes, D. J. (2013). A Visual Display for the Teaching of Intonation. CALICO Journal, 10(3), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.v10i3.19-30
