Performing an action one cannot do
Participation, scaffolding and embodied interaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v7i1.26986Keywords:
acquired brain injury, conversation analysis, embodied interaction, participation, scaffoldingAbstract
This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on interactional management of communicative impairment by focusing on practices, in which people with an impairment are supported by those without to collaborate in an activity. Thus, a conversation and embodied interaction analysis is conducted of a routine in which a physiotherapist assists a client living with acquired brain injury to perform an activity the client cannot perform for herself: turning from lying face-down to facing the ceiling. The analysis highlights the situated multimodal and embodied practices of scaffolding whereby both parties coconstruct the client as both a competent, collaborative participant and an active agent. This paper aims to enrich the discussion on how people with communicative impairment can become active participants in a given situation by emphasising the necessity of: (1) a dynamic and complex understanding of the participation framework, and (2) including the embodied aspects of interaction in the analysis.
References
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Kendon, A. (1988) Goffman’s approach to face-to-face interaction. In P. Drew and A. Wootton (Eds) Erving Goffman. Exploring the Interaction Order, 14–40. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Klippi, A. (2015) Pointing as an embodied practice in aphasic interaction. Aphasiology 29 (3): 337–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2013.878451
Koole, T. and Elbers, E. (2014) Responsiveness in teacher explanations: A conversation analytical perspective on scaffolding. Linguistics and Education 26: 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2014.02.001
Parry, R. H. (2004) The interactional management of patients’ physical incompetence: A conversation analytic study of physiotherapy interactions. Sociology of Health & Illness 26 (7): 976–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9889.2004.00425.x
Raudaskoski, P. (2013) From understanding to participation: A relational approach to communicative and embodied practices. Suomen Soveltavan Kielitieteen Yhdistyks (AFinLA) Julkaisuja 71: 103–121.
Rhys, C. S. (2005) Gaze and the turn: A nonverbal solution to an interactive problem. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 19 (5): 419–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200400027171
Sacks, H. (1984) Notes on methodology. In J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (Eds) Structures of Social Action. Studies in Conversation Analysis, 21–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A. and Jefferson, G. (1974) A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50 (4): 696–735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010
Stone, C. A. (1998) The metaphor of scaffolding. Its utility for the field of learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities 31 (4): 344–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221949803100404
Streeck, J. (2006) Gesturecraft. The Manufacture of Meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Streeck, J., Goodwin, C. and LeBaron, C. (Eds) (2011) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tulbert, E. and Goodwin M. (2011) Choreographies of attention: multimodality in a routine family activity. In J. Streeck, C. Goodwin and C. LeBaron (Eds) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World, 79–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weddle, A. B. and Hollan, J. D. (2010) Professional perception and expert action: Scaffolding embodied practices in professional education. Mind, Culture & Activity 17 (2): 119–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749030902721754
Wilkinson, R. (1999) Introduction. Aphasiology 13 (4–5): 251–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026870399402082
Wilson, T. P. (1970) Conceptions of interaction and forms of sociological explanation. American Sociological Review 35 (4): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2093945
Wood, D., Bruner, J. and Ross, G. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 17 (2): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x
Aphasiology (1999) Special Issue: Conversation and aphasia. 13 (4–5): 239–444.
Aphasiology (2015) Special Issue: Conversation and aphasia: advances in analysis and intervention. 29 (3): 257–421.
Auer, P. and Bauer, A. (2011) Multimodality in aphasic conversation: Why gestures sometimes do not help. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders 2 (2): 214–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v2i2.215
Beeke, S., Wilkinson, R. and Maxim, J. (2001) Context as a resource for the construction of turns at talk in aphasia. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 15 (1): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699200109167635
Bergmann, J. R. (1981) Ethnomethodologische Konversationsanalyse. In P. Schröder and H. Steger (Eds) Dialogforschung, 9–52. Düsseldorf: Pädagogischer Verlag Schwann.
Clark, H. H. (1996) Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620539
Denman, A. and Wilkinson, R. (2011) Applying conversation analysis to traumatic brain injury: Investigating touching another person in everyday social interaction. Disability and Rehabilitation 33 (3): 243–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.511686
Garfinkel, H. (1967) Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Garfinkel, H. (1972) Remarks on ethnomethodology. In J. Gumperz and D. Hymes (Eds) Directions in Sociolinguistics. The Ethnography of Communication, 301–324. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Goffman, E. (1972) Encounters. Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. (Orig. 1961, Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.)
Goffman, E. (1981) Footing. In E. Goffman (Ed.) Forms of Talk, 124–159. Oxford: Blackwell. (Orig. 1979, Semiotica 25: 1–29.)
Goodwin, C. (2000a) Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics 32 (10): 1489–1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00096-X
Goodwin, C. (2000b) Gesture, aphasia and interaction. In D. McNeill (Ed.) Language and Gesture, 84–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511620850.006
Goodwin, C. (2003a) Conversational frameworks for the accomplishment of meaning in aphasia. In C. Goodwin (Ed.) Conversation and Brain Damage, 90–116. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goodwin, C. (Ed.) (2003b) Conversation and Brain Damage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goodwin, C. (2004) A competent speaker who can’t speak: the social life of aphasia. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 14 (2): 151–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.2.151
Goodwin, C. and Goodwin, M. H. (2004) Participation. In A. Duranti (Ed.) A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, 222–224. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Goodwin, C. and Heritage, J. (1990) Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001435
Heath, C., Hindmarsh, J. and Luff, P. (2010) Video in Qualitative Research: Analysing Social Interaction in Everyday Life. London: Sage.
Heritage, J. (1984) Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Heritage, J. and Stivers, T. (1999) Online commentary in acute medical visits: A method of shaping patient expectations. Social Science & Medicine 49 (11): 1501–1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00219-1
Hollan, J., Hutchins, E. and Kirsh, D. (2000) Distributed cognition: Toward a new foundation for human-computer interaction research. Computer-Human Interaction 7 (2): 174–196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/353485.353487
Hutchby, I. and Wooffitt, R. (1998) Conversation Analysis: Principles, Practices and Applications. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hydén, L.-C. (2011) Narrative collaboration and scaffolding in dementia. Journal of Aging Studies 25 (4): 339–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2011.04.002
Hydén, L.-C. (2014) Cutting brussels sprouts: Collaboration involving persons with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies 29: 115–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2014.02.004
Kendon, A. (1988) Goffman’s approach to face-to-face interaction. In P. Drew and A. Wootton (Eds) Erving Goffman. Exploring the Interaction Order, 14–40. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Klippi, A. (2015) Pointing as an embodied practice in aphasic interaction. Aphasiology 29 (3): 337–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2013.878451
Koole, T. and Elbers, E. (2014) Responsiveness in teacher explanations: A conversation analytical perspective on scaffolding. Linguistics and Education 26: 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2014.02.001
Parry, R. H. (2004) The interactional management of patients’ physical incompetence: A conversation analytic study of physiotherapy interactions. Sociology of Health & Illness 26 (7): 976–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-9889.2004.00425.x
Raudaskoski, P. (2013) From understanding to participation: A relational approach to communicative and embodied practices. Suomen Soveltavan Kielitieteen Yhdistyks (AFinLA) Julkaisuja 71: 103–121.
Rhys, C. S. (2005) Gaze and the turn: A nonverbal solution to an interactive problem. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 19 (5): 419–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200400027171
Sacks, H. (1984) Notes on methodology. In J. M. Atkinson and J. Heritage (Eds) Structures of Social Action. Studies in Conversation Analysis, 21–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A. and Jefferson, G. (1974) A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50 (4): 696–735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010
Stone, C. A. (1998) The metaphor of scaffolding. Its utility for the field of learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities 31 (4): 344–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002221949803100404
Streeck, J. (2006) Gesturecraft. The Manufacture of Meaning. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Streeck, J., Goodwin, C. and LeBaron, C. (Eds) (2011) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tulbert, E. and Goodwin M. (2011) Choreographies of attention: multimodality in a routine family activity. In J. Streeck, C. Goodwin and C. LeBaron (Eds) Embodied Interaction: Language and Body in the Material World, 79–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weddle, A. B. and Hollan, J. D. (2010) Professional perception and expert action: Scaffolding embodied practices in professional education. Mind, Culture & Activity 17 (2): 119–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749030902721754
Wilkinson, R. (1999) Introduction. Aphasiology 13 (4–5): 251–258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026870399402082
Wilson, T. P. (1970) Conceptions of interaction and forms of sociological explanation. American Sociological Review 35 (4): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2093945
Wood, D., Bruner, J. and Ross, G. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 17 (2): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x
Published
2016-01-08
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Krummheuer, A. (2016). Performing an action one cannot do: Participation, scaffolding and embodied interaction. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders, 6(2), 187-210. https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v7i1.26986
