Language discrimination in Germany
when evaluation influences objective counting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jld.39952Keywords:
language attitudes, survey design, German MicrocensusReferences
Adler, A. (2018a) Die Frage zur Sprache der Bevölkerung im deutschen Mikrozensus 2017. Arbeitspapier am Institut für Deutsche Sprache. https://ids-pub.bsz-bw.de/files/7318/Adler_Die_Sprachfrage_im_deutschen_Mikrozensus_2018.pdf
Adler, A. (2018b) Germany’s micro census 2017: the return of the language question. Working Paper at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache. https://ids-pub.bsz-bw.de/files/7857/Adler_Germanys_micro_census_2017_The_return_of_the_language_question_2018.pdf
Adler, A. (2019) Sprachstatistik in Deutschland. Deutsche Sprache 47(3): 197–219.
Adler, A. and Beyer, R. (2018) Languages and language politics in Germany (Sprachen und Sprachpolitik in Deutschland). In G. Stickel (ed.) National Language Institutions and National Languages 221–42. Contributions to the EFNIL Conference 2017 in Mannheim. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Science, Research Institute for Linguistics.
Adler, A. and Plewnia, A. (2018) Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der quantitativen Spracheinstellungsforschung. In A. Lenz and A. Plewnia (eds) Variation – Normen – Identitäten 63–98. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110538625-004
Adler, A. and Plewnia, A. (2019) Die Macht der großen Zahlen. Aktuelle Spracheinstellungen in Deutschland. In L. Eichinger and A. Plewnia (eds) Neues vom heutigen Deutsch. Empirisch – methodisch – theoretisch. Jahrbuch des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache 2018 141–62. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110622591-008
Adler, A., Ehlers, C., Goltz, R., Kleene, A. and Plewnia, A. (2016) Status und Gebrauch des Niederdeutschen 2016. Erste Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Erhebung. Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.
Adler, A., Ehlers, C., Goltz, R., Kleene, A. and Plewnia, A. (2018) The current status and use of Low German. Initial results of a representative survey (trans. H. Heaney). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.
Arel, D. (2002) Language questions in censuses: backward or forward-looking? In D. I. Kertzer and D. Arel (eds) Census and Identity. The Politics of Race Ethnicity and Language in National Censuses 92–120. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606045.005
Auer, P. (2007) The monolingual bias in bilingualism research, or: why bilingualism is (still) a challenge for linguistics. In M. Heller (ed.) Bilingualism: A Social Approach 319–39. Houndmills: Palgrave. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230596047_15
Davies, W. V. (2008) ‘Sprachkultur’ in lay and academic discourse in modern Germany. German Life and Letters 61(4): 435–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.2008.00435.x
Die Welt (2016) Deutsch-Pflicht auf dem Schulhof? Selbstverständlich! (19 October). Retrieved on 7 February 2019 from https://www.welt.de/debatte/kommentare/article158891627/Deutsch-Pflicht-auf-dem-Schulhof-Selbstverstaendlich.html; Deutsch-Pflicht auf dem Schulhof bringt nichts (19 October). Retrieved on 7 February 2019 from https://www.welt.de/debatte/kommentare/article158891942/Deutsch-Pflicht-auf-dem-Schulhof-bringt-nichts.html.
Die Zeit (2014) CSU will Ausländern die Sprache diktieren (5 December). Retrieved on 7 February 2019 from https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-12/csu-
bayern-auslaender-sollen-deutsch-sprechen.
Dixon, J. A., Mahoney, B. and Cocks, R. (2002) Accents of guilt? Effects of regional accent, ‘race’ and crime type on attributions of guilt. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 21: 162–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/02627X02021002004
Du Bois, I. (2015) Linguistic profiling: how Turkish, US American and German accents influence apartment viewing appointments. Boundaries and Bridges: The Dynamics of Urban Diversity. Conference Proceedings of the 7th GISFOH Symposium, Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
Frumkin, L. (2007) Influences of accent and ethnic background on perceptions of eyewitness. Psychology. Crime and Law 13: 317–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160600822246
Gärtig, A., Plewnia, A. and Rothe, A. (2010) Wie Menschen in Deutschland über Sprache denken. Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Repräsentativerhebung zu aktuellen Spracheinstellungen. Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.
Giles, H. and Coupland, N. (1991) Language: Contexts and Consequences. Mapping Social Psychology. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
Gogolin, I. (1997) The ‘monolingual habitus’ as the common feature in teaching in the language of the majority in different countries. Per Linguam 13(2): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.5785/13-2-187
Grogger, J., Steinmayr A. and Winter, J. (2019) The wage penalty of regional accents. Unpublished Working Paper.
Hoenigswald, H. (1966) A proposal for the study of folk-linguistics. In W. Brightlliam (ed.) Sociolinguistics 16–26. The Hague: de Gruyter.
Humbert, P., Coray, R. and Duchêne, A. (2018) Compter les langues: histoire, méthodes et politiques des recensements de population. Une revue de la littérature. Rapport du Centre scientifique de compétence sur le plurilinguisme. Fribourg: Institut de plurilinguisme.
Kemper, T. (2017) Die schulstatistische Erfassung des Migrationshintergrundes in Deutschland. Journal for Educational Research Online 9(1): 144–68.
Labbé, M. (2003) Dénombrer les nationalités en Prusse au XIXe siècle: entre pratique d’administration locale et connaissance statistique de la population. Annales de démographie historique 105(1): 39–61. https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.105.61
Lameli, A. (2013) Strukturen im Sprachraum. Analysen zur arealtypologischen Komplexität der Dialekte in Deutschland. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110331394
Lameli, A., Nitsch, V., Südekum, J. and Wolf, N. (2015) Same same but different: dialects and trade. German Economic Review 16(3): 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12047
Milroy, J. (2001) Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5(4): 530–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00163
Nelde, P. H. (2004) Suggesting a new European language policy. Collegium Antropologicum 28(1): 13–26.
Plewnia, A. and Rothe, A. (2012) Sprache – Einstellungen – Regionalität. In L. Eichinger, A. Plewnia, C. Schoel and D. Stahlberg (eds) Sprache und Einstellungen. Spracheinstellungen aus sprachwissenschaftlicher und sozialpsychologischer Perspektive 4–134. Tübingen: Narr.
Preston, D. R. (1982) Perceptual dialectology. Mental maps of United States dialects from a Hawaiian perspective. Working Papers in Linguistics 14(2): 5–49. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.hpd1.30pre
Preston, D. R. (1999) A language attitude approach to the perception of regional variety. In D. R. Preston (ed.) Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology, Volume 1 359–73. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Richter, D. and Schupp, J. (2012) SOEP Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS) – Description, Structure and Documentation. SOEPpapers 463. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2131214
Roessel, J., Schoel, C. and Stahlberg, D. (2018) What’s in an accent? General spontaneous biases against nonnative accents – an investigation with conceptual and auditory IATs. European Journal of Social Psychology 48(4): 535–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2339
Rothe, A. and Wagner, K. (2015) Bilingual kindergarten programmes. The interaction of language management and language attitudes. In W. V. Davies and E. Ziegler (eds) Language Planning and Microlinguistics. From Policy to Interaction and Vice Versa 5–38. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137361240_2
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1988) Multilingualism and the education of minority children. In T. Skutnabb-Kangas and J. Cummins (eds) Minority Education: From Shame to Struggle 9–44. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder (2019) Mikrozensus 2019. https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/datenerheb/dateien/mz.pdf resp. https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mz-fragebogen_2019_g_muster_englisch.pdf
Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden (2018/19) Informationen zum Mikrozensus. Retrieved on 1 March 2019 from https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mikrozensus-infobroschuere_fuer_befragte_2019.pdf.
Stickel, G. (2012) Deutsch im Kontext anderer Sprachen in Deutschland heute: Daten und Einschätzungen. Unter Mitarbeit von Julia Weinheimer. In L. Eichinger, A. Plewnia, C. Schoel and D. Stahlberg (eds) Sprache und Einstellungen. Spracheinstellungen aus sprachwissenschaftlicher und sozialpsychologischer Perspektive 227–321. Tübingen: Narr.
The Guardian (2016) Cologne inquiry into ‘coordinated’ New Year’s Eve sex attacks (5 January). Retrieved on 4 July 2019 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/05/germany-crisis-cologne-new-years-eve-sex-attacks; https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35231046.
Urla, J. (1993) Cultural politics in an age of statistics: numbers, nations, and the making of Basque identity. American Ethnologist 20(4): 818–43. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1993.20.4.02a00080
Will, A. (2018) Transnational interlacements of statistical categories marking natio-ethnic-cultural ‘others’ in Germany. Transnational Social Review 8(2): 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2018.1458564
Adler, A. (2018b) Germany’s micro census 2017: the return of the language question. Working Paper at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache. https://ids-pub.bsz-bw.de/files/7857/Adler_Germanys_micro_census_2017_The_return_of_the_language_question_2018.pdf
Adler, A. (2019) Sprachstatistik in Deutschland. Deutsche Sprache 47(3): 197–219.
Adler, A. and Beyer, R. (2018) Languages and language politics in Germany (Sprachen und Sprachpolitik in Deutschland). In G. Stickel (ed.) National Language Institutions and National Languages 221–42. Contributions to the EFNIL Conference 2017 in Mannheim. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Science, Research Institute for Linguistics.
Adler, A. and Plewnia, A. (2018) Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der quantitativen Spracheinstellungsforschung. In A. Lenz and A. Plewnia (eds) Variation – Normen – Identitäten 63–98. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110538625-004
Adler, A. and Plewnia, A. (2019) Die Macht der großen Zahlen. Aktuelle Spracheinstellungen in Deutschland. In L. Eichinger and A. Plewnia (eds) Neues vom heutigen Deutsch. Empirisch – methodisch – theoretisch. Jahrbuch des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache 2018 141–62. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110622591-008
Adler, A., Ehlers, C., Goltz, R., Kleene, A. and Plewnia, A. (2016) Status und Gebrauch des Niederdeutschen 2016. Erste Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Erhebung. Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.
Adler, A., Ehlers, C., Goltz, R., Kleene, A. and Plewnia, A. (2018) The current status and use of Low German. Initial results of a representative survey (trans. H. Heaney). Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.
Arel, D. (2002) Language questions in censuses: backward or forward-looking? In D. I. Kertzer and D. Arel (eds) Census and Identity. The Politics of Race Ethnicity and Language in National Censuses 92–120. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606045.005
Auer, P. (2007) The monolingual bias in bilingualism research, or: why bilingualism is (still) a challenge for linguistics. In M. Heller (ed.) Bilingualism: A Social Approach 319–39. Houndmills: Palgrave. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230596047_15
Davies, W. V. (2008) ‘Sprachkultur’ in lay and academic discourse in modern Germany. German Life and Letters 61(4): 435–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.2008.00435.x
Die Welt (2016) Deutsch-Pflicht auf dem Schulhof? Selbstverständlich! (19 October). Retrieved on 7 February 2019 from https://www.welt.de/debatte/kommentare/article158891627/Deutsch-Pflicht-auf-dem-Schulhof-Selbstverstaendlich.html; Deutsch-Pflicht auf dem Schulhof bringt nichts (19 October). Retrieved on 7 February 2019 from https://www.welt.de/debatte/kommentare/article158891942/Deutsch-Pflicht-auf-dem-Schulhof-bringt-nichts.html.
Die Zeit (2014) CSU will Ausländern die Sprache diktieren (5 December). Retrieved on 7 February 2019 from https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2014-12/csu-
bayern-auslaender-sollen-deutsch-sprechen.
Dixon, J. A., Mahoney, B. and Cocks, R. (2002) Accents of guilt? Effects of regional accent, ‘race’ and crime type on attributions of guilt. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 21: 162–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/02627X02021002004
Du Bois, I. (2015) Linguistic profiling: how Turkish, US American and German accents influence apartment viewing appointments. Boundaries and Bridges: The Dynamics of Urban Diversity. Conference Proceedings of the 7th GISFOH Symposium, Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung.
Frumkin, L. (2007) Influences of accent and ethnic background on perceptions of eyewitness. Psychology. Crime and Law 13: 317–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160600822246
Gärtig, A., Plewnia, A. and Rothe, A. (2010) Wie Menschen in Deutschland über Sprache denken. Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Repräsentativerhebung zu aktuellen Spracheinstellungen. Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.
Giles, H. and Coupland, N. (1991) Language: Contexts and Consequences. Mapping Social Psychology. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
Gogolin, I. (1997) The ‘monolingual habitus’ as the common feature in teaching in the language of the majority in different countries. Per Linguam 13(2): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.5785/13-2-187
Grogger, J., Steinmayr A. and Winter, J. (2019) The wage penalty of regional accents. Unpublished Working Paper.
Hoenigswald, H. (1966) A proposal for the study of folk-linguistics. In W. Brightlliam (ed.) Sociolinguistics 16–26. The Hague: de Gruyter.
Humbert, P., Coray, R. and Duchêne, A. (2018) Compter les langues: histoire, méthodes et politiques des recensements de population. Une revue de la littérature. Rapport du Centre scientifique de compétence sur le plurilinguisme. Fribourg: Institut de plurilinguisme.
Kemper, T. (2017) Die schulstatistische Erfassung des Migrationshintergrundes in Deutschland. Journal for Educational Research Online 9(1): 144–68.
Labbé, M. (2003) Dénombrer les nationalités en Prusse au XIXe siècle: entre pratique d’administration locale et connaissance statistique de la population. Annales de démographie historique 105(1): 39–61. https://doi.org/10.3917/adh.105.61
Lameli, A. (2013) Strukturen im Sprachraum. Analysen zur arealtypologischen Komplexität der Dialekte in Deutschland. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110331394
Lameli, A., Nitsch, V., Südekum, J. and Wolf, N. (2015) Same same but different: dialects and trade. German Economic Review 16(3): 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12047
Milroy, J. (2001) Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5(4): 530–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00163
Nelde, P. H. (2004) Suggesting a new European language policy. Collegium Antropologicum 28(1): 13–26.
Plewnia, A. and Rothe, A. (2012) Sprache – Einstellungen – Regionalität. In L. Eichinger, A. Plewnia, C. Schoel and D. Stahlberg (eds) Sprache und Einstellungen. Spracheinstellungen aus sprachwissenschaftlicher und sozialpsychologischer Perspektive 4–134. Tübingen: Narr.
Preston, D. R. (1982) Perceptual dialectology. Mental maps of United States dialects from a Hawaiian perspective. Working Papers in Linguistics 14(2): 5–49. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.hpd1.30pre
Preston, D. R. (1999) A language attitude approach to the perception of regional variety. In D. R. Preston (ed.) Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology, Volume 1 359–73. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Richter, D. and Schupp, J. (2012) SOEP Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS) – Description, Structure and Documentation. SOEPpapers 463. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2131214
Roessel, J., Schoel, C. and Stahlberg, D. (2018) What’s in an accent? General spontaneous biases against nonnative accents – an investigation with conceptual and auditory IATs. European Journal of Social Psychology 48(4): 535–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2339
Rothe, A. and Wagner, K. (2015) Bilingual kindergarten programmes. The interaction of language management and language attitudes. In W. V. Davies and E. Ziegler (eds) Language Planning and Microlinguistics. From Policy to Interaction and Vice Versa 5–38. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137361240_2
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1988) Multilingualism and the education of minority children. In T. Skutnabb-Kangas and J. Cummins (eds) Minority Education: From Shame to Struggle 9–44. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder (2019) Mikrozensus 2019. https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/datenerheb/dateien/mz.pdf resp. https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mz-fragebogen_2019_g_muster_englisch.pdf
Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden (2018/19) Informationen zum Mikrozensus. Retrieved on 1 March 2019 from https://www.it.nrw/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mikrozensus-infobroschuere_fuer_befragte_2019.pdf.
Stickel, G. (2012) Deutsch im Kontext anderer Sprachen in Deutschland heute: Daten und Einschätzungen. Unter Mitarbeit von Julia Weinheimer. In L. Eichinger, A. Plewnia, C. Schoel and D. Stahlberg (eds) Sprache und Einstellungen. Spracheinstellungen aus sprachwissenschaftlicher und sozialpsychologischer Perspektive 227–321. Tübingen: Narr.
The Guardian (2016) Cologne inquiry into ‘coordinated’ New Year’s Eve sex attacks (5 January). Retrieved on 4 July 2019 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/05/germany-crisis-cologne-new-years-eve-sex-attacks; https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35231046.
Urla, J. (1993) Cultural politics in an age of statistics: numbers, nations, and the making of Basque identity. American Ethnologist 20(4): 818–43. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1993.20.4.02a00080
Will, A. (2018) Transnational interlacements of statistical categories marking natio-ethnic-cultural ‘others’ in Germany. Transnational Social Review 8(2): 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2018.1458564
Published
2019-12-18
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Section
Articles
How to Cite
Adler, A. (2019). Language discrimination in Germany: when evaluation influences objective counting. Journal of Language and Discrimination, 3(2), 232-253. https://doi.org/10.1558/jld.39952
