Placing Neoliberal Jesuses: Doing Public Geography with the Historical Jesus
Issued Date: 19 Sep 2014
Abstract
This essay attempts to further James Crossley's project in Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism by proposing the development of a literature on how historical Jesus scholars construct neoliberal geographical formations. Reviewing the discipline of human geography, this proposal suggests that biblical scholars move beyond examining geographical contexts for texts to show how historical Jesus studies actively make place. This approach is demonstrated through a brief case study of historical Jesus scholarship constructing and contesting the secular public sphere in post-handover Hong Kong, especially in the recent Occupy Central debate.
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DOI: 10.1558/bsor.v43i3.3
References
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Agnew, John. 1987. Place and Politics: The Geographical Mediation of State and Society. London: Allen and Unwin.
———. 2002. Place and Politics in Modern Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2009. “Money Games: Currency and Power in the Contemporary World Economy.” Antipode 41(1): 214–318.
Barber, Lachlan. 2014. “(Re)Making Heritage Policy in Hong Kong: a Relational Politics of Global Knowledge and Local Innovation.” Urban Studies 51(6): 1179–95.
Benedict XVI. 2007. Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration. London: Bloomsbury.
Berquist, John L., and Camp, Claudia L. , eds. 2008. Constructions of Space I: Theory, Geography, and Narrative. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Calhoun, Craig. 1994. Neither Gods Nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cartier, Carolyn. 2005. “City-Space: Scale Relations and China’s Spatial Administrative Hierarchy.” In Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space. edited by Laurence Ma and Fulong Wu, 21–38. New York: Routledge.
Castells, Manuel, Lee Goh and R. Yin-Wang Kwok,. 1991. The Shek Kip Mei Syndrome: Economic Development and Public Housing in Hong Kong and Singapore. London: Pion.
Cresswell, Tim. 1996. In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 2004. Place: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cosgrove, D. E. 1998. Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape, 2nd ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Cowen, Deborah, and Neil Smith. 2008. Constructions of Space II: The Biblical City and Other Imagined Spaces. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
———. 2009. “After Geopolitics? From the Geopolitical Social to Geoeconomics.” Antipode 41 (1): 22–48.
Crossan, John Dominic. 1991. The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant. San Francisco: HarperCollins.
Crossley, James G. 2008. Jesus in an Age of Terror: Scholarly Projects for a New American Century. London: Equinox.
———. 2012. Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism: Quests, Scholarship and Ideology. London: Equinox.
De Vos, J. Cornelis, Karen J. Wenell, and Jorunn Økland. 2015. Constructions of Space III: Biblical Spatiality and the Sacred. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Duncan, James S. 1990. The City as Text: The Politics of Landscape Interpretation in the Kandyan Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Duncan, James S., and Nancy Duncan. 2004. Landscapes of Privilege: The Politics of the Aesthetic in an American Suburb. London: Routledge.
Dwyer, Claire. 1999. “Veiled Meanings: Young British Muslim women and the negotiation of difference.” Gender, Place, and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 6 (1): 5–26.
George, Mark K., ed. 2013. Constructions of Space IV: Further Developments in Examining Ancient Israel’s Social Space. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Gregory, Derek. 1982. Ideology, Science, and Human Geography. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
———. 1994. Geographical Imaginations. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
———. 2004. The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq. Oxford: Blackwell.
Harvey, David. 1969. Explanation in Geography. London: Edward Arnold.
———. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 1999. The Limits to Capital 1982, new ed. London: Verso.
———. 2003. The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2009 [1973]. Social Justice and the City. Atlanta: University of Georgia Press.
Huen, Chi W. “Public Theology: Whose ‘Public’? How ‘Theological’?” Hill Road 31: 31–64.
Jackson, Peter. 1989. Maps of Meaning. London: Unwin Hyman.
Jones, E. 1972. “The Nature And Scope of Social Geography.” In Social Geography, edited by K. C. Kim and S. Kim, 11–23. Bletchley: The Open University.
Knott, Kim. 2005. The Location of Religion: A Spatial Analysis. London: Equinox.
Kong, Lily, and Brenda Yeoh. 2003. The Politics of Landscapes in Singapore: Constructions of “Nation.” Syracuse: Syracuse UniversityPress.
Kusno, Abidin. 2000. Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space, and Political Cultures in Indonesia. London: Routledge.
Kwok Pui-lan. 2012. “2011 Presidential Address: Empire and the Study of Religion.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 80 (2): 285–303.
Kwong, Paul. 2011. Identity in Community: Toward a Theological Agenda for the Hong Kong SAR. Zürich: LIT Verlag Münster.
Lau, Vincent C. P. 2007. “Controversy over Public Funding to the Baptist Institutions in Colonial Hong Kong and the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s.“ Baptist History and Heritage 42 (2): 85–104.
———. 2013. “A Preliminary Study of the Jeremianic Model of John Howard Yoder—Examining Its Ethical Meanings and ‘Public’ Nature of His Theology.” Hill Road 31: 137-74.
Law, W. S. 2009. Collaborative Colonial Power: The Making of the Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991 [1974]. The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ley, David. 1974. The Black Inner City as Frontier Outpost: Images and Behavior of a Philadelphia Neighborhood. Washington D.C.: Association of American Geographers Monograph Series.
———. 1996. The New Middle Class and the Remaking of Central City. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2010. Millionaire Migrants: Trans-Pacific Life Lines. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Ley, David and Justin Tse. 2013. “Homo Religiosus? Religion and Immigrant Subjectivities.” In Religion and Place: Landscape, Politics and Piety, edited by in Peter Hopkins, Lily Kong, and Elizabeth Olson, 149–65. New York: Springer.
Lim, Kean Fan. 2014. “‘Socialism With Chinese Characteristics’: Uneven Development, Variegated Neoliberalization and the Dialectical Differentiation of State Spatiality.” Progress in Human Geography 38 (2): 221–47.
Lok Sang Yeung. 2013. “&٦ؤ#)ڑ**.vؤژ٣d'd)v$م**.v [Rev. ChuYiuming denounces Rev. Daniel Ng Chung-man].” YouTube. Accessed 20 May 2014. http://youtu.be/pB9p3Yvuw38.
McGee, Terry. 2008. “Many Knowledge(s) of Southeast Asia: Rethinking Southeast Asia in Real Time. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 48 (2): 270–80.
Mahmood, Saba. 2005. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
———. 2007. “Secularism, Hermeneutics, and Empire: The Politics of Islamic Reformation.” Public Culture 18 (2): 323-47.
Mathews, Gordon, Eric Kit-wai Ma, and Tai-lok Lui. 2008. Hong Kong, China: Learning to Belong to a Nation. London: Routledge.
Ming Pao Daily News. 2013. “'d)v$م!G!u١ذ.{٪ا*k❊٣٣v٪X١ذ٧|!v!D $د٩ُ&{$$ [Daniel Ng Chung-man: “Christians who act illegally should be excommunicated.” Opposes Occupy Central.]” Ming Pao Daily News. Accessed 20 May 2014. http://premium.mingpao.com/cfm/mem_Login1.cfm%3FSuccessUrl%3D%252Fcfm%252FContent_News.cfm%253FChannel%253Dgb%2526Path%253D100853840073%252Fgga1_er.cfm&usg=ALkJrhgj4iTHmwYoMJ-JxaMQeeA8sW1hmg.
Mitchell, Katharyne. 2004. Crossing the Neoliberal Line: Pacific Rim Migration and the Metropolis. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Ng, Nathan K. 2013. “‘Christ is the Lord of All’ and ‘Authorities are Ordinances of God’: Two Principles Governing the Church and State Relationship in the Early Christianity.” Hill Road, 31: 119–36.
Prinsloo, Geet T.M. and Christi M. Maier,eds. 2013. Constructions of Space V: Place, Space and Identity in the Ancient Mediterranean. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Said, Edward W. 2003. Orientalism, 3rd ed. London: Penguin.
Schweitzer, Albert. 1969 [1906]. The Quest for the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede Translated by W. Montgomery. New York: MacMillan.
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1992. To Take Place: Toward Theory in Ritual. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sparke, Matthew. 2007a. “From Geopolitics to Geoeconomics: Transnational State Effects in the Borderlands.” Geopolitics 3 (2): 62–98.
———. 2007b. “Geopolitical Fears, Geoeconomic Hopes, and the Responsibilities of Geography.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97 (2): 338–49.
Tai, Benny Yiu-ting. 2013. “$=٪ء'\)R*:٣ج$j١ژ٦ث$O*Z>٩ [Civil disobedience’s most effective weapon of mass destruction].” Hong Kong Economic Journal. Accessed 20 May 2014. http://www.hkej.com/template/dailynews/jsp/detail.jsp?dnews_id=3609&cat_id=6&title_id=571297.
Tang, Andres S. 2013. “Public Theology, What Theology? Some Radical Reflections.” Hill Road 31: 3–30.
Tsang, Sam. 2013. “Introduction to a Public Theology of the New Testament: Markan Public Theology of the Sea of Galilee as a Test Case.” Hill Road 31: 85–118.
Tse, Justin K. H. 2013. Religious Politics in Pacific Space: Grounding Cantonese Protestant Theologies in Secular Civil Societies. PhD diss., Department of Geography, University of British Columbia.
———. 2014. “Grounded Theologies: ‘Religion’ and the ‘Secular’ in Human Geography.” Progress in Human Geography 38 (2): 201–20.
Wright, N. T. 1996. Jesus and the Victory of God. London: SPCK.
Yeoh, Brenda. 1996. Contesting Space in Colonial Singapore: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Zhao, Suisheng. 2004. A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese
Agnew, John. 1987. Place and Politics: The Geographical Mediation of State and Society. London: Allen and Unwin.
———. 2002. Place and Politics in Modern Italy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
———. 2009. “Money Games: Currency and Power in the Contemporary World Economy.” Antipode 41(1): 214–318.
Barber, Lachlan. 2014. “(Re)Making Heritage Policy in Hong Kong: a Relational Politics of Global Knowledge and Local Innovation.” Urban Studies 51(6): 1179–95.
Benedict XVI. 2007. Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration. London: Bloomsbury.
Berquist, John L., and Camp, Claudia L. , eds. 2008. Constructions of Space I: Theory, Geography, and Narrative. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Calhoun, Craig. 1994. Neither Gods Nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cartier, Carolyn. 2005. “City-Space: Scale Relations and China’s Spatial Administrative Hierarchy.” In Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy and Space. edited by Laurence Ma and Fulong Wu, 21–38. New York: Routledge.
Castells, Manuel, Lee Goh and R. Yin-Wang Kwok,. 1991. The Shek Kip Mei Syndrome: Economic Development and Public Housing in Hong Kong and Singapore. London: Pion.
Cresswell, Tim. 1996. In Place/Out of Place: Geography, Ideology, and Transgression. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
———. 2004. Place: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cosgrove, D. E. 1998. Social Formation and Symbolic Landscape, 2nd ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Cowen, Deborah, and Neil Smith. 2008. Constructions of Space II: The Biblical City and Other Imagined Spaces. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
———. 2009. “After Geopolitics? From the Geopolitical Social to Geoeconomics.” Antipode 41 (1): 22–48.
Crossan, John Dominic. 1991. The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant. San Francisco: HarperCollins.
Crossley, James G. 2008. Jesus in an Age of Terror: Scholarly Projects for a New American Century. London: Equinox.
———. 2012. Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism: Quests, Scholarship and Ideology. London: Equinox.
De Vos, J. Cornelis, Karen J. Wenell, and Jorunn Økland. 2015. Constructions of Space III: Biblical Spatiality and the Sacred. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Duncan, James S. 1990. The City as Text: The Politics of Landscape Interpretation in the Kandyan Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Duncan, James S., and Nancy Duncan. 2004. Landscapes of Privilege: The Politics of the Aesthetic in an American Suburb. London: Routledge.
Dwyer, Claire. 1999. “Veiled Meanings: Young British Muslim women and the negotiation of difference.” Gender, Place, and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 6 (1): 5–26.
George, Mark K., ed. 2013. Constructions of Space IV: Further Developments in Examining Ancient Israel’s Social Space. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Gregory, Derek. 1982. Ideology, Science, and Human Geography. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
———. 1994. Geographical Imaginations. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
———. 2004. The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq. Oxford: Blackwell.
Harvey, David. 1969. Explanation in Geography. London: Edward Arnold.
———. 1989. The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 1999. The Limits to Capital 1982, new ed. London: Verso.
———. 2003. The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2009 [1973]. Social Justice and the City. Atlanta: University of Georgia Press.
Huen, Chi W. “Public Theology: Whose ‘Public’? How ‘Theological’?” Hill Road 31: 31–64.
Jackson, Peter. 1989. Maps of Meaning. London: Unwin Hyman.
Jones, E. 1972. “The Nature And Scope of Social Geography.” In Social Geography, edited by K. C. Kim and S. Kim, 11–23. Bletchley: The Open University.
Knott, Kim. 2005. The Location of Religion: A Spatial Analysis. London: Equinox.
Kong, Lily, and Brenda Yeoh. 2003. The Politics of Landscapes in Singapore: Constructions of “Nation.” Syracuse: Syracuse UniversityPress.
Kusno, Abidin. 2000. Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space, and Political Cultures in Indonesia. London: Routledge.
Kwok Pui-lan. 2012. “2011 Presidential Address: Empire and the Study of Religion.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 80 (2): 285–303.
Kwong, Paul. 2011. Identity in Community: Toward a Theological Agenda for the Hong Kong SAR. Zürich: LIT Verlag Münster.
Lau, Vincent C. P. 2007. “Controversy over Public Funding to the Baptist Institutions in Colonial Hong Kong and the United States from the 1950s to the 1970s.“ Baptist History and Heritage 42 (2): 85–104.
———. 2013. “A Preliminary Study of the Jeremianic Model of John Howard Yoder—Examining Its Ethical Meanings and ‘Public’ Nature of His Theology.” Hill Road 31: 137-74.
Law, W. S. 2009. Collaborative Colonial Power: The Making of the Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991 [1974]. The Production of Space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ley, David. 1974. The Black Inner City as Frontier Outpost: Images and Behavior of a Philadelphia Neighborhood. Washington D.C.: Association of American Geographers Monograph Series.
———. 1996. The New Middle Class and the Remaking of Central City. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2010. Millionaire Migrants: Trans-Pacific Life Lines. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Ley, David and Justin Tse. 2013. “Homo Religiosus? Religion and Immigrant Subjectivities.” In Religion and Place: Landscape, Politics and Piety, edited by in Peter Hopkins, Lily Kong, and Elizabeth Olson, 149–65. New York: Springer.
Lim, Kean Fan. 2014. “‘Socialism With Chinese Characteristics’: Uneven Development, Variegated Neoliberalization and the Dialectical Differentiation of State Spatiality.” Progress in Human Geography 38 (2): 221–47.
Lok Sang Yeung. 2013. “&٦ؤ#)ڑ**.vؤژ٣d'd)v$م**.v [Rev. ChuYiuming denounces Rev. Daniel Ng Chung-man].” YouTube. Accessed 20 May 2014. http://youtu.be/pB9p3Yvuw38.
McGee, Terry. 2008. “Many Knowledge(s) of Southeast Asia: Rethinking Southeast Asia in Real Time. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 48 (2): 270–80.
Mahmood, Saba. 2005. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
———. 2007. “Secularism, Hermeneutics, and Empire: The Politics of Islamic Reformation.” Public Culture 18 (2): 323-47.
Mathews, Gordon, Eric Kit-wai Ma, and Tai-lok Lui. 2008. Hong Kong, China: Learning to Belong to a Nation. London: Routledge.
Ming Pao Daily News. 2013. “'d)v$م!G!u١ذ.{٪ا*k❊٣٣v٪X١ذ٧|!v!D $د٩ُ&{$$ [Daniel Ng Chung-man: “Christians who act illegally should be excommunicated.” Opposes Occupy Central.]” Ming Pao Daily News. Accessed 20 May 2014. http://premium.mingpao.com/cfm/mem_Login1.cfm%3FSuccessUrl%3D%252Fcfm%252FContent_News.cfm%253FChannel%253Dgb%2526Path%253D100853840073%252Fgga1_er.cfm&usg=ALkJrhgj4iTHmwYoMJ-JxaMQeeA8sW1hmg.
Mitchell, Katharyne. 2004. Crossing the Neoliberal Line: Pacific Rim Migration and the Metropolis. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Ng, Nathan K. 2013. “‘Christ is the Lord of All’ and ‘Authorities are Ordinances of God’: Two Principles Governing the Church and State Relationship in the Early Christianity.” Hill Road, 31: 119–36.
Prinsloo, Geet T.M. and Christi M. Maier,eds. 2013. Constructions of Space V: Place, Space and Identity in the Ancient Mediterranean. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark.
Said, Edward W. 2003. Orientalism, 3rd ed. London: Penguin.
Schweitzer, Albert. 1969 [1906]. The Quest for the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede Translated by W. Montgomery. New York: MacMillan.
Smith, Jonathan Z. 1992. To Take Place: Toward Theory in Ritual. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sparke, Matthew. 2007a. “From Geopolitics to Geoeconomics: Transnational State Effects in the Borderlands.” Geopolitics 3 (2): 62–98.
———. 2007b. “Geopolitical Fears, Geoeconomic Hopes, and the Responsibilities of Geography.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97 (2): 338–49.
Tai, Benny Yiu-ting. 2013. “$=٪ء'\)R*:٣ج$j١ژ٦ث$O*Z>٩ [Civil disobedience’s most effective weapon of mass destruction].” Hong Kong Economic Journal. Accessed 20 May 2014. http://www.hkej.com/template/dailynews/jsp/detail.jsp?dnews_id=3609&cat_id=6&title_id=571297.
Tang, Andres S. 2013. “Public Theology, What Theology? Some Radical Reflections.” Hill Road 31: 3–30.
Tsang, Sam. 2013. “Introduction to a Public Theology of the New Testament: Markan Public Theology of the Sea of Galilee as a Test Case.” Hill Road 31: 85–118.
Tse, Justin K. H. 2013. Religious Politics in Pacific Space: Grounding Cantonese Protestant Theologies in Secular Civil Societies. PhD diss., Department of Geography, University of British Columbia.
———. 2014. “Grounded Theologies: ‘Religion’ and the ‘Secular’ in Human Geography.” Progress in Human Geography 38 (2): 201–20.
Wright, N. T. 1996. Jesus and the Victory of God. London: SPCK.
Yeoh, Brenda. 1996. Contesting Space in Colonial Singapore: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Zhao, Suisheng. 2004. A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese
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