How Do Healthcare Chaplaincy Spiritual Care Interventions Support Adults’ Mental Health by Integrating Health and Social Care?: A Review of Primary Research Studies Published in English 2010–2019
Issued Date: 28 Jan 2022
Abstract
There is an international movement towards integrated care. This systematized literature review studied healthcare chaplaincy spiritual care interventions that support adult mental health by integrating health and social care. Seventeen relevant studies were found. One analysed individual and family care in a general hospital. Twelve described one-to-one community-based interventions, of which ten concerned general practice healthcare centres. Four involved groups supporting mental health in hospitals or community-centres. Two studies used qualitative approaches, seven quantitative and eight mixed methods. The quality of evidence for the outcomes of interventions was examined. The review found that studies demonstrated shifts in healthcare professionals’ working practices anticipated by Paterson (2014), from hospital towards community bases, from treatment of individuals towards empowering service users to self-manage their health, and in mental health contexts from treatment of individuals towards care in groups.
Download Media
PDF (Price: £17.50 )
DOI: 10.1558/hscc.20588
References
Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
Bennison, T. P. (2020). Community Chaplaincy Listening. In E. Kelly & J. Swinton (Eds.), Chaplaincy and the soul of health and social care. Fostering spiritual well-being in emerging paradigms of care (pp. 244–257). London: Jessica Kingsley.
Bunniss, S., Mowat, H., & Snowden, A. (2013). Community Chaplaincy Listening: Practical theology in action. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 16, 42–51.
Carey, L. B., Hodgson, T. J., Kirkheli, L., Soh, R. Y., Armour, A.-R., Singh, T. K., & Impiombato, C. G. (2016). Moral injury, spiritual care and the role of chaplains: An exploratory scoping review of literature and resources. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 1218–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0231-x
Davy, C., Kite, E., Aitken, G., Dodd, G., Rigney, J., Hayes, J., & Van Emden, J. (2016). What keeps you strong? A systematic review identifying how primary health-care and aged-care services can support the well-being of older Indigenous peoples. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 35(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12311
Department of Health (2011). No health without mental health: A cross-government mental health outcomes strategy for people of all ages. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/138253/dh_124058.pdf
Department of Health and Social Care (2021). Integration and innovation: Working together to improve health and social care for all (HTML version). Policy paper. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/960548/integration-and-innovation-working-together-to-improve-health-and-social-care-for-all-web-version.pdf
Emery, E. E., Lapidos, S., Eisenstein, A. R., Ivan, I. I., & Golden R. L. (2012). The BRIGHTEN program: Implementation and evaluation of a program to bridge resources of an inter-disciplinary geriatric health team via electronic networking. Gerontologist, 52(6), 857–865. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns034
Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Stillwell, S., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice step by step. Critical appraisal of the evidence: Part 1. American Journal of Nursing, 110(7), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000383935.22721.9c
Fitchett, G. (2017). Recent progress in chaplaincy-related research. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counselling, 71(3), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305017724811
Fitchett, G. (2020). Advancing research in healthcare chaplaincy. How, why who? In E. Kelly & J. Swinton (Eds.), Chaplaincy and the soul of health and social care. Fostering spiritual well-being in emerging paradigms of care (pp. 170–186). London: Jessica Kingsley.
Flannelly, K. J., Galek, K., Bucchino, J., & Vane, A. (2006). The relative prevalence of various spiritual needs. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 9(2), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.v9i2.25
Forrester-Jones, R., Dietzfelbinger, L., Stedman, D., & Richmond, P. (2018). Including the “spiritual” within mental health care in the UK, from the experiences of people with mental health problems. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(1), 384–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0502-1
Frøkedal, H., Stifoss-Hanssen, H., Ruud, T., DeMarinis, V., & Gonzalez M.T. (2017). Existential group practice run by mental healthcare chaplains in Norway: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 20(8), 713-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1400528
Gibbon, A., & Baldie, D. (2019). Community Chaplaincy Listening in a community mental health group. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 7(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.35116
Godin, K., Stapelton, J., Kirkpatrick, S. J., Hanning, R. M., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2015). Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: A case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0125-0
Goodwin, N., & Ferrer, L. (2012). Together for health: Introducing the International Foundation for Integrated Care. International Journal of Integrated Care, 12(8), 2012–2014. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.1126
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Handzo, G. F., Cobb, M., Holmes, C., Kelly, E., & Sinclair, S. (2014). Outcomes for professional health care chaplaincy: An international call to action. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(2), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.902713
Kennedy, J., & Stirling, I. (2013). Innovation in spiritual care. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 16, 60–67.
Kennedy, J., Stirling, I., McKenzie, I., & Wallace, D. (2013). Developing innovation in spiritual care: Research in primary health and social care. Edinburgh: Interfaith Scotland and NHS Education for Scotland.
Kevern, P. (2015). The spirituality of people with late-stage dementia: A review of the research literature, a critical analysis and some implications for person-centred spirituality and dementia care. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 18(9), 765–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2015.1094781
Kevern, P., & Hill, L. (2015). “Chaplains for well-being” in primary care: Analysis of the results of a retrospective study. Journal of Health Care Research and Development, 16(1), 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423613000492
Kevern, P., & Ladbury, I. (2015). Resource implications of a measured change in patient well-being: A retrospective cohort analysis study. Journal of New Writing in Health and Social Care, 1(2), 47–54.
Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (1998a). Guidelines for critical review form – quantitative studies. Ontario: McMaster University. https://healthsci.mcmaster.ca/docs/librariesprovider130/default-document-library/guidelines-for-critical-review-form-quantiative-studies-english.pdf?sfvrsn=ee9f6c19_2
Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Letts, L., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (1998b). Critical review form – quantitative studies. Ontario: McMaster University. https://www.unisa.edu.au/siteassets/episerver-6-files/global/health/sansom/documents/icahe/cats/mcmasters_quantitative-review.pdf
Lebus, C., Parker, R. A., Morrison, K., Fraser, D., & Fudd, J. (2014). Families’ concerns after bereavement in hospital: What can we learn? Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17(6), 712–717. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2013.0483
Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (2007a). Guidelines for critical review form – qualitative studies (version 2.0). Ontario: McMaster University. https://healthsci.mcmaster.ca/docs/librariesprovider130/default-document-library/guidelines-for-critical-review-form-qualitative-studies-english.pdf?sfvrsn=64bb7bf5_2
Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (2007b). Clinical review form – qualitative studies (version 2.0). Ontario: McMaster University. https://www.unisa.edu.au/siteassets/episerver-6-files/global/health/sansom/documents/icahe/cats/mcmasters_qualreview_version2-0.pdf
Macdonald, G. W. (2017). The efficacy of primary care chaplaincy compared with antidepressants: A retrospective study comparing chaplaincy with antidepressants. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 18(4), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423617000159
Macdonald, G. W. (2018). Primary care chaplaincy: An intervention for complex presentation. Primary Health Care Research and Development, e69, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423618000737
Macdonald, G. W. (2019). Spiritual needs assessment: The LOADS SHARED mnemonic. British Journal of General Practice, 69(688), 573–574. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X706505
Maheswaran, H., Weich, S., Powell, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2012). Evaluating the responsiveness of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): Group and individual level analysis. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10, 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-156
McSherry, W., Boughey, A., & Kevern, P. (2016). “Chaplains for wellbeing” in primary care: A qualitative investigation of their perceived impact for patients’ health and well-being. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 22(4), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2016.1184504
Mowat, H., Bunniss, S., & Kelly, E. (2012). Community Chaplaincy Listening: Working with general practitioners to support patient well-being. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 15(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.v15i1.21
Moylan, M. M., Carey, L. B., Blackburn, R., Hayes, R., & Robinson, P. (2013). The Men’s Shed: Providing biopsychosocial and spiritual support. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(1), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9804-0
Murphy, P. E., Fitchett, G., & Emery-Tiburcio, E. E. (2016). Religious and spiritual struggle: Prevalence and correlates among older adults with depression in the BRIGHTEN program. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 19(7), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/1374676.2016.1244178
National Academy for Social Prescribing (2019). Home. National Academy for Social Prescribing. https://socialprescribingacademy.org.uk
NHS Education for Scotland (2009). Spiritual care matters. Edinburgh: NHS NES. https://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/media/23nphas3/spiritualcaremattersfinal.pdf
NHS England (2019a). Designing integrated care systems in England: An overview on the arrangements needed to build strong health and care systems across the country. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/designing-integrated-care-systems-in-england.pdf
NHS England (2019b). The NHS long term plan. Version 1.2. https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf
Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust (2014). Summary strategic plan 2014–2019. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/392924/NORTHUMBERLAND_Publishable_Summary_Strategic_Plan_1415.pdf
Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust (2017). Caring, discovering, growing together, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust Strategy 2017–2022. https://ee494c7bcaebc61df9a5-e19ab9a66520ad61c29310eafb66e6e6.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/content/uploads/2017/07/Trust-Strategy.pdf
Parkin, E. (2019). Health and social care integration partnerships. House of Commons briefing paper, 7902 (100024655), 5698. https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7902/CBP-7902.pdf
Paterson, M. (2014). Emerging paradigms in Scottish healthcare chaplaincy: Disorientation or re-orientation? Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 2(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.v2i1.51
Raffay, J. P. (2019). Relationships between mental health services and faith communities: A co-produced grounded theory study. Thesis, Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13314/1/Thesis_e-submitted_(Julian_Raffay).pdf
Raffay, J., Wood, E., & Todd, A. (2016). Service user views of spiritual and pastoral care (chaplaincy) in NHS mental health services: A co-produced constructivist grounded theory investigation. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0903-9
Scottish Government (2019). Ministerial strategic group for health and community care: Review of progress with integration of health and social care – final report (February) (pp. 1–19). https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/corporate-report/2019/02/ministerial-strategic-group-health-community-care-review-progress-integration-health-social-care-final-report/documents/00545762-pdf/00545762-pdf/govscot%3Adocument/00545762.pdf
Smith-MacDonald, L., Norris, J. M., Raffin-Bouchal, S., & Sinclair, S. (2017). Spirituality and mental well-being in combat veterans: A systematic review. Military Medicine, 182(11), e1920–e1940. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00099
Snowden, A., & Telfer, I. (2017). Patient reported outcome measure of spiritual care as delivered by chaplains. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 23(4), 131–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2017.1279935
Snowden, A., & Telfer, I. (2020). The story of the Scottish PROM. In E. Kelly & J. Swinton (Eds.), Chaplaincy and the soul of health and social care: Fostering spiritual well-being in emerging paradigms of care (pp. 67–89). London: Jessica Kingsley.
Snowden, A., Gibbon, A., & Grant, R. (2018). What is the impact of chaplaincy in primary care? The GP perspective. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 6(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.34709
Snowden, A., Lobb, E. A., Schmidt, S., Swing, A. M., Logan, P., & Macfarlane, C. (2018). What’s on your mind? The only necessary question in spiritual care. Journal for the Study of Spirituality, 8(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2018.1431031
Welsh Government (2019). A healthier Wales – our plan for health and social care. https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-10/a-healthier-wales-action-plan.pdf
Wiffen, B. D. R. (2014). Online CBT for individuals with Christian beliefs: A pilot randomized controlled trial; and clinical research portfolio. D.Clin.Psy. thesis, University of Glasgow. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5551/1/2014wiffendclinpsy.pdf
World Health Organization (2019). Mental health: Fact sheet. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/404851/MNH_FactSheet_ENG.pdf
Bennison, T. P. (2020). Community Chaplaincy Listening. In E. Kelly & J. Swinton (Eds.), Chaplaincy and the soul of health and social care. Fostering spiritual well-being in emerging paradigms of care (pp. 244–257). London: Jessica Kingsley.
Bunniss, S., Mowat, H., & Snowden, A. (2013). Community Chaplaincy Listening: Practical theology in action. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 16, 42–51.
Carey, L. B., Hodgson, T. J., Kirkheli, L., Soh, R. Y., Armour, A.-R., Singh, T. K., & Impiombato, C. G. (2016). Moral injury, spiritual care and the role of chaplains: An exploratory scoping review of literature and resources. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4), 1218–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0231-x
Davy, C., Kite, E., Aitken, G., Dodd, G., Rigney, J., Hayes, J., & Van Emden, J. (2016). What keeps you strong? A systematic review identifying how primary health-care and aged-care services can support the well-being of older Indigenous peoples. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 35(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12311
Department of Health (2011). No health without mental health: A cross-government mental health outcomes strategy for people of all ages. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/138253/dh_124058.pdf
Department of Health and Social Care (2021). Integration and innovation: Working together to improve health and social care for all (HTML version). Policy paper. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/960548/integration-and-innovation-working-together-to-improve-health-and-social-care-for-all-web-version.pdf
Emery, E. E., Lapidos, S., Eisenstein, A. R., Ivan, I. I., & Golden R. L. (2012). The BRIGHTEN program: Implementation and evaluation of a program to bridge resources of an inter-disciplinary geriatric health team via electronic networking. Gerontologist, 52(6), 857–865. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns034
Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Stillwell, S., & Williamson, K. M. (2010). Evidence-based practice step by step. Critical appraisal of the evidence: Part 1. American Journal of Nursing, 110(7), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000383935.22721.9c
Fitchett, G. (2017). Recent progress in chaplaincy-related research. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counselling, 71(3), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542305017724811
Fitchett, G. (2020). Advancing research in healthcare chaplaincy. How, why who? In E. Kelly & J. Swinton (Eds.), Chaplaincy and the soul of health and social care. Fostering spiritual well-being in emerging paradigms of care (pp. 170–186). London: Jessica Kingsley.
Flannelly, K. J., Galek, K., Bucchino, J., & Vane, A. (2006). The relative prevalence of various spiritual needs. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 9(2), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.v9i2.25
Forrester-Jones, R., Dietzfelbinger, L., Stedman, D., & Richmond, P. (2018). Including the “spiritual” within mental health care in the UK, from the experiences of people with mental health problems. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(1), 384–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0502-1
Frøkedal, H., Stifoss-Hanssen, H., Ruud, T., DeMarinis, V., & Gonzalez M.T. (2017). Existential group practice run by mental healthcare chaplains in Norway: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 20(8), 713-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1400528
Gibbon, A., & Baldie, D. (2019). Community Chaplaincy Listening in a community mental health group. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 7(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.35116
Godin, K., Stapelton, J., Kirkpatrick, S. J., Hanning, R. M., & Leatherdale, S. T. (2015). Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: A case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0125-0
Goodwin, N., & Ferrer, L. (2012). Together for health: Introducing the International Foundation for Integrated Care. International Journal of Integrated Care, 12(8), 2012–2014. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.1126
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: An analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x
Handzo, G. F., Cobb, M., Holmes, C., Kelly, E., & Sinclair, S. (2014). Outcomes for professional health care chaplaincy: An international call to action. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(2), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.902713
Kennedy, J., & Stirling, I. (2013). Innovation in spiritual care. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 16, 60–67.
Kennedy, J., Stirling, I., McKenzie, I., & Wallace, D. (2013). Developing innovation in spiritual care: Research in primary health and social care. Edinburgh: Interfaith Scotland and NHS Education for Scotland.
Kevern, P. (2015). The spirituality of people with late-stage dementia: A review of the research literature, a critical analysis and some implications for person-centred spirituality and dementia care. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 18(9), 765–776. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2015.1094781
Kevern, P., & Hill, L. (2015). “Chaplains for well-being” in primary care: Analysis of the results of a retrospective study. Journal of Health Care Research and Development, 16(1), 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423613000492
Kevern, P., & Ladbury, I. (2015). Resource implications of a measured change in patient well-being: A retrospective cohort analysis study. Journal of New Writing in Health and Social Care, 1(2), 47–54.
Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (1998a). Guidelines for critical review form – quantitative studies. Ontario: McMaster University. https://healthsci.mcmaster.ca/docs/librariesprovider130/default-document-library/guidelines-for-critical-review-form-quantiative-studies-english.pdf?sfvrsn=ee9f6c19_2
Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Letts, L., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (1998b). Critical review form – quantitative studies. Ontario: McMaster University. https://www.unisa.edu.au/siteassets/episerver-6-files/global/health/sansom/documents/icahe/cats/mcmasters_quantitative-review.pdf
Lebus, C., Parker, R. A., Morrison, K., Fraser, D., & Fudd, J. (2014). Families’ concerns after bereavement in hospital: What can we learn? Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17(6), 712–717. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2013.0483
Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (2007a). Guidelines for critical review form – qualitative studies (version 2.0). Ontario: McMaster University. https://healthsci.mcmaster.ca/docs/librariesprovider130/default-document-library/guidelines-for-critical-review-form-qualitative-studies-english.pdf?sfvrsn=64bb7bf5_2
Letts, L., Wilkins, S., Law, M., Stewart, D., Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. (2007b). Clinical review form – qualitative studies (version 2.0). Ontario: McMaster University. https://www.unisa.edu.au/siteassets/episerver-6-files/global/health/sansom/documents/icahe/cats/mcmasters_qualreview_version2-0.pdf
Macdonald, G. W. (2017). The efficacy of primary care chaplaincy compared with antidepressants: A retrospective study comparing chaplaincy with antidepressants. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 18(4), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423617000159
Macdonald, G. W. (2018). Primary care chaplaincy: An intervention for complex presentation. Primary Health Care Research and Development, e69, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423618000737
Macdonald, G. W. (2019). Spiritual needs assessment: The LOADS SHARED mnemonic. British Journal of General Practice, 69(688), 573–574. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X706505
Maheswaran, H., Weich, S., Powell, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2012). Evaluating the responsiveness of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): Group and individual level analysis. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10, 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-156
McSherry, W., Boughey, A., & Kevern, P. (2016). “Chaplains for wellbeing” in primary care: A qualitative investigation of their perceived impact for patients’ health and well-being. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 22(4), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2016.1184504
Mowat, H., Bunniss, S., & Kelly, E. (2012). Community Chaplaincy Listening: Working with general practitioners to support patient well-being. Scottish Journal of Healthcare Chaplaincy, 15(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.v15i1.21
Moylan, M. M., Carey, L. B., Blackburn, R., Hayes, R., & Robinson, P. (2013). The Men’s Shed: Providing biopsychosocial and spiritual support. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(1), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9804-0
Murphy, P. E., Fitchett, G., & Emery-Tiburcio, E. E. (2016). Religious and spiritual struggle: Prevalence and correlates among older adults with depression in the BRIGHTEN program. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 19(7), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1080/1374676.2016.1244178
National Academy for Social Prescribing (2019). Home. National Academy for Social Prescribing. https://socialprescribingacademy.org.uk
NHS Education for Scotland (2009). Spiritual care matters. Edinburgh: NHS NES. https://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/media/23nphas3/spiritualcaremattersfinal.pdf
NHS England (2019a). Designing integrated care systems in England: An overview on the arrangements needed to build strong health and care systems across the country. https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/designing-integrated-care-systems-in-england.pdf
NHS England (2019b). The NHS long term plan. Version 1.2. https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf
Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust (2014). Summary strategic plan 2014–2019. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/392924/NORTHUMBERLAND_Publishable_Summary_Strategic_Plan_1415.pdf
Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust (2017). Caring, discovering, growing together, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust Strategy 2017–2022. https://ee494c7bcaebc61df9a5-e19ab9a66520ad61c29310eafb66e6e6.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/content/uploads/2017/07/Trust-Strategy.pdf
Parkin, E. (2019). Health and social care integration partnerships. House of Commons briefing paper, 7902 (100024655), 5698. https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7902/CBP-7902.pdf
Paterson, M. (2014). Emerging paradigms in Scottish healthcare chaplaincy: Disorientation or re-orientation? Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 2(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.v2i1.51
Raffay, J. P. (2019). Relationships between mental health services and faith communities: A co-produced grounded theory study. Thesis, Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13314/1/Thesis_e-submitted_(Julian_Raffay).pdf
Raffay, J., Wood, E., & Todd, A. (2016). Service user views of spiritual and pastoral care (chaplaincy) in NHS mental health services: A co-produced constructivist grounded theory investigation. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0903-9
Scottish Government (2019). Ministerial strategic group for health and community care: Review of progress with integration of health and social care – final report (February) (pp. 1–19). https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/corporate-report/2019/02/ministerial-strategic-group-health-community-care-review-progress-integration-health-social-care-final-report/documents/00545762-pdf/00545762-pdf/govscot%3Adocument/00545762.pdf
Smith-MacDonald, L., Norris, J. M., Raffin-Bouchal, S., & Sinclair, S. (2017). Spirituality and mental well-being in combat veterans: A systematic review. Military Medicine, 182(11), e1920–e1940. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00099
Snowden, A., & Telfer, I. (2017). Patient reported outcome measure of spiritual care as delivered by chaplains. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 23(4), 131–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2017.1279935
Snowden, A., & Telfer, I. (2020). The story of the Scottish PROM. In E. Kelly & J. Swinton (Eds.), Chaplaincy and the soul of health and social care: Fostering spiritual well-being in emerging paradigms of care (pp. 67–89). London: Jessica Kingsley.
Snowden, A., Gibbon, A., & Grant, R. (2018). What is the impact of chaplaincy in primary care? The GP perspective. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 6(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.34709
Snowden, A., Lobb, E. A., Schmidt, S., Swing, A. M., Logan, P., & Macfarlane, C. (2018). What’s on your mind? The only necessary question in spiritual care. Journal for the Study of Spirituality, 8(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2018.1431031
Welsh Government (2019). A healthier Wales – our plan for health and social care. https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-10/a-healthier-wales-action-plan.pdf
Wiffen, B. D. R. (2014). Online CBT for individuals with Christian beliefs: A pilot randomized controlled trial; and clinical research portfolio. D.Clin.Psy. thesis, University of Glasgow. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5551/1/2014wiffendclinpsy.pdf
World Health Organization (2019). Mental health: Fact sheet. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/404851/MNH_FactSheet_ENG.pdf
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
