“God Brought Me Here to Change Me”
Narratives of Spiritual Transformation in Pentecostal Migrant Churches in Norway
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/pent.35112Keywords:
Pentecostal/charismatic spirituality, migrant churches, transformation, Filipino Christian ChurchAbstract
This article discusses narratives of spiritual transformation among Filipino migrants in the context of a Filipino Pentecostal migrant church in Norway, asking how Filipino migrants encounter and make use of religion in their migratory trajectories and experiences. The article takes a narrative approach to stories of transformation and discusses these with insights from theology, psychology and sociology of religion and in light of their sociocultural and spiritual contexts. The analysis focuses on these migrants' encounters, emotions and engagements related to facing life in Norway in context of the Pentecostal spirituality found in one growing Filipino migrant church. The article takes special interest in references to emotion as a hermeneutical cue in the narratives. From this, special attention is given to the individual's story and for understanding such churches as sociocultural and spiritual communities of transformation and mission.
References
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Ammermann, Nancy, ed. 2007. Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ammermann, Nancy Tatom. 2013. Sacred Stories, Spiritual Tribes: Finding Religion in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, Allan Heaton. 2013. To the Ends of the Earth: Pentecostalism and the Transformation of World Christianity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Apitzsch, Ursula and Irini Siouti. 2007. ”Biographical Analysis as an Interdisciplinary Research Perspective in the Field of Migration Studies.” Report. University of York.
Aschim, Hovdelien and Kingleboth. 2016. Kristne migranter i Norden. Volda: Portal forlag.
Berger, Peter. 1967. The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books.
Bergunder, Michael. 2010. ”The Cultural Turn.” In Allan Anderson et al, eds. Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press: 51-73.
Bikova M. (2015) “In a Minefield of Transnational Social Relations: Filipino Au Pairs between Moral Obligations and Personal Ambitions.” In R. Cox, ed. Au Pairs’ Lives in Global Context. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Burkitt, Ian. 1997. ”Social Relationships and Emotions.” Sociology 31, 1: 37-55.
Burkitt, Ian. 2002. “Complex Emotions: Relations, Feelings and Images in Emotional Experience.” In The Editorial Board of the Sociological Review 2002. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 151-167.
Burkitt, Ian. 2012. “Emotional Reflexivity: Feeling, Emotion and Imagination in Reflexive Dialogues.” Sociology 46, 3: 458-472. DOI: 10.1177/0038038511422587.
Burkitt, Ian. 2014. Emotions and Social Relations. London: Sage.
Costa Cazarin de Brito, Rafael. 2015. Religion, emotions and social transformation along migratory processes. The cases of African church leaders in Spain and South Africa. Dissertation. Biscay: Universidad del Pais Vasco.
Cruz, Gemma. 2010. An Intercultural Theology of Migration: Pilgrims in the Wilderness. Studies in Systematic Theology. Vol. 5. Leiden, Brill.
Dalgas, Karina Märcher. 2016. ”Filipino Au Pairs on the Move: Navigating strong and weak ties in the search of future paths.” Nordic Journal of Migration Research (Special Issue Article) 6, 4: 199-206. DOI: 10.1515/njmr-2016-0028.
Daugstad, Gunnlaug. 2006. “Ekteskapsmønstre i innvandrerbefolkningen: Hvem gifter innvandrere i Norge seg med?” Samfunnsspeilet 4: 45-46.
de Brito, Rafael Costa Cazarin. 2015. Religion, emotions and social transformation along migratory processes. The cases of African church leaders in Spain and South Africa. Dissertation. Biscay: Universidad del Pais Vasco.
Drønen, Tomas Sundnes and Stian Sørlie Eriksen. 2015. “’Av alle folkeslag, stammer, folk og tungemål’: Mangfold i den globale kirke i Rogaland.” In Anne Kalvig and Anna Rebecca Solevåg, eds. Levende religion: globalt perspektiv - lokal praksis. Stavanger: Hertervig Akademisk: 106-131.
Drønen, Tomas Sundnes. ”Christian Migrant Communities: Transnational, Transcultural, and Translocal Discourses of Change.” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion (2017) 1-25.
Erdal, Marta Bivand. 2016. “Innenfra, utenfra og tredjeposisjoner? Refleksiv posisjonalitet i forskning blant katolikker i Norge.” In Aschim, Anders; Olav Hovdelien; and Helje Kringlebotn Sødal, eds, Kristne migranter i Norden. Kristiansand: Portal.
Eriksen, Stian Sørlie. 2016. “The Church of Pentecost International: fortellingen om en migrantmenighet i Oslo”. In Kristne migranter i Norden, eds. Anders Aschim, Olav Hovdelien and Helje Kringlebotn Sødal. Kristiansand, Portal: 190-207.
Eriksen, Stian Sørlie. 2015. “The epistemology of imagination and religious experience: a global and pentecostal approach to the study of religion.” Studia Theologica: Nordic Journal of Theology 69, 1: 47-73.
Ferré, Frederick. 1970. ” The Definition of Religion.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 38, 1: 3-16.
Fresnoza-Flot 2009. ”Migration Status and Transnational Mothering: The Case of Filipino Migrants in France.” Global Networks 9, 2: 252–270.
Fuglerud, Øyvind. 2001/2011. Migrasjonsforståelse: Flytteprosesser, rasisme og globalisering. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Furseth, Inger. 2006. From Quest for Truth to Being Oneself: Religious Change in Life Stories. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang Publishing Group.
Furseth, Inger. 2008. ”Social Capital and Immigrant Religion.” Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 21, 2: 147–164
Furseth, Inger. 2015. ”Et religiøst landskap i endring 1988-2013.” [A changing religious landscape 1988-2013]. In Inger Furseth, ed., Religionens tilbakekomst i offentligheten: Religion, politikk, medier, stat og sivilsamfunn i Norge siden 1980-tallet. Oslo, Universersitetsforlaget: 21-37.
Gill, Robin. 2012. Theology Shaped by Society: Sociological Theology, Vol. 2. Ashgate Contemporary Ecclesiology Series, eds. Martyn Percy et al. Surrey: Ashgate.
Gooren, Henri. 2010. Religious Conversion and Disaffiliation: Tracing Patterns of Change in Faith Practices. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Grbich, Carol. 2013. Qualitative Data Analysis. An Introduction. Sage Publication, London.
Henriksen, Jan Olav. 2017. Religion as Orientation and Transformation: A Maximalist Theory. Religion in Philosophy and Theology 90. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Henriksen, Jan Olav. 2016. ”Everyday Religion as Orientation and Transformation: A Challenge to Theology.” Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 29, 1: 36–51. DOI: 10.18261/issn.1890-7008-2016-01-03.
Heelas, Paul. 2002. ”The Spiritual Revolution: From ’Religion’ to ’Spirituality’.” In Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations. Eds. Linda Woodhead et al. London, New York: Routledge: 412-436.
Hoegsholm, Filomenita Mongaya. 2007. ”Maria Claras in Viking Country.” In Filomenita Mongaya Hoegsholm, ed. In de Olde Worlde: Views of Filipino Migrants in Europe. Quezon City: Philippine Social Science Council and Philippine Migration Research Network: 318-333.
Horn-Hanssen, Fredrikke. 2007. ”Jeg føler meg bare sånn filippinsk og katolikk”: Nasjonal og religiøs identitet blant filippinere i St. Olav domkirkes menighet i Oslo. Master thesis. University of Oslo.
Johns, Jackie David. 1999. ”Yielding to the Spirit: The Dynamics of a Pentecostal Mocel of Praxis.” In Demptster, Klaus and Petersen, eds., The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Lie, Benedicte. 2004. “Stadig flere søker lykken med utenlandske ektefeller.” Samfunnsspeilet 3.
Marshall, Ruth. 1993. ”’Power in the Name of Jesus’”: Social Transformation and Pentecostalsim in Western Nigeria ’Revisited’.” In T. Ranger et al (eds), Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth-Century Africa. St. Anthony’s/Macmillan, Series 213-246.
McAdams, Dan. 2001. ”The Psychology of Life Stories.” Review of General Psychology 5, 2: 100-102.
McCarrol, Pam, Thomas St. James O’Connor and Elizabeth Meakes. 2005. ”Assessing Plurality in Spirituality Definitions.” In eds Augustine Meyer et al, eds. Spirituality and Health: Multidisciplinary Explorations. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfried Laurier University Press: 43-60.
McGuire, Meredith. 2008. Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Mezirow, Jack. 1994. ”Understanding Transformation Theory.” Adult Education Quarterly 44: 222-243.
Miller, Donald E. And Tetsunao Yamamori. 2007. Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Christian Social Engagement. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Reichard, Joshua D. 2014. “Relational Empowerment: A Process-Relational Theology of the Spirit-Filled Life.” Pneuma 36 (2014): 226-245. DOI: 10.1163/15700747-03602004
Ricoeur, Paul. 1990. Time and Narrative. Vol. 1. Trans. Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Riis, Ole and Linda Woodhead. 2010. Sociology of Religious Emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Robbins, Joel. 2010. ”Anthropology, Pentecostalism, and the New Paul: Conversion, Event, and Social Transformation.” South Atlantic Quarterly 109, 4: 633-652. DOI: 10.1215/00382876-2010-010.
Saroglou, Vassilis. 2011. ” Believing, Bonding, Behaving, and Belonging: The Big Four Religious Dimensions and Cultural Variation.” Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 42, 8: 1320-1340.
Schmidt, Ulla. 2010. ”Norge: et religiøst pluralistisk samfunn?” In Pål Kjetil Botvar and Ulla Schmidt, eds. Religion i dagens Norge: Mellom sekularisering og sakralisering. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget: 25-43.
Schults, Leron F. and Stephen J. Sandage. 2006. Transforming Spirituality: Integrating Theology and Psychology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Shaull, Richard. 1998. “From Academic Research to Spiritual Transformation: Reflections on a Study of Pentecostalism in Brazil.” Pneuma, 20, 1: 71-84. DOI: 10.1163/157007498X00063.
Synnes, M Ronald 2012. Kristne migrantmenigheter i Oslo. Oslo: KIFO Stiftelsen Kirkeforskning. Rapport 2012: 1.
Tkach, O. 2014, ‘Migrant Au Pairs in Norway: From Multi-faceted Work to Prospects of Settling Down’ in Work and the Challenges of Belonging: Migrants in Globalizing Economies, eds M Pajnik & Anthias, F, Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle upon Tyne pp. 134-152.
Trolle, Astrid Krabbe. 2016. “Det nationale og det nye: Filippinske katolske og punsekirkelige menigheder i Danmark.” In Kristne migranter i Norden, eds. Anders Aschim, Olav Hovdelien and Helje Kringlebotn Sødal. Kristiansand, Portal: 160-174.
Uhlenbeck, E.M. 1963. ”An Appraisal of Transformation Theory.” Lingua 12: 1-18.
Vondey, Wolfgang. 2017. Pentecostal Theology: Living the Full Gospel. Systematic Pentecostal and Charismatic Theology, eds. Wolfgang Vondey and Daniela C. Augustine. London: Bloomsbury T and T Clark.
Vondey, Wolfgang. 2017. “The Presence of the Spirit in the Academy: Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies as an Interdisciplinary Concern.” Penteco Studies: Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 16, 1: 85–116.
Währish-Oblau, Claudia. 2012. The Missionary Self-Perception of Pentecostal/Charismatic Church Leaders from the Global South in Europe: Bringing Back the Gospel. Leiden: Brill.
Warrington, Keith. 2008. Pentecostalism: A Theology of Encounter. London: T and T Clark.
Wong, Diana. 2014. “Time, Generation and Context in Narratives of Migrant and Religious Journeys.” Global Networks 14, 3: 306–325.
Øien, C. 2009. On equal terms? An evaluation of the Norwegian au pair scheme. Fafo, Oslo.
Ammermann, Nancy, ed. 2007. Everyday Religion: Observing Modern Religious Lives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ammermann, Nancy Tatom. 2013. Sacred Stories, Spiritual Tribes: Finding Religion in Everyday Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, Allan Heaton. 2013. To the Ends of the Earth: Pentecostalism and the Transformation of World Christianity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Apitzsch, Ursula and Irini Siouti. 2007. ”Biographical Analysis as an Interdisciplinary Research Perspective in the Field of Migration Studies.” Report. University of York.
Aschim, Hovdelien and Kingleboth. 2016. Kristne migranter i Norden. Volda: Portal forlag.
Berger, Peter. 1967. The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books.
Bergunder, Michael. 2010. ”The Cultural Turn.” In Allan Anderson et al, eds. Studying Global Pentecostalism: Theories and Methods. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press: 51-73.
Bikova M. (2015) “In a Minefield of Transnational Social Relations: Filipino Au Pairs between Moral Obligations and Personal Ambitions.” In R. Cox, ed. Au Pairs’ Lives in Global Context. Migration, Diasporas and Citizenship Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Burkitt, Ian. 1997. ”Social Relationships and Emotions.” Sociology 31, 1: 37-55.
Burkitt, Ian. 2002. “Complex Emotions: Relations, Feelings and Images in Emotional Experience.” In The Editorial Board of the Sociological Review 2002. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 151-167.
Burkitt, Ian. 2012. “Emotional Reflexivity: Feeling, Emotion and Imagination in Reflexive Dialogues.” Sociology 46, 3: 458-472. DOI: 10.1177/0038038511422587.
Burkitt, Ian. 2014. Emotions and Social Relations. London: Sage.
Costa Cazarin de Brito, Rafael. 2015. Religion, emotions and social transformation along migratory processes. The cases of African church leaders in Spain and South Africa. Dissertation. Biscay: Universidad del Pais Vasco.
Cruz, Gemma. 2010. An Intercultural Theology of Migration: Pilgrims in the Wilderness. Studies in Systematic Theology. Vol. 5. Leiden, Brill.
Dalgas, Karina Märcher. 2016. ”Filipino Au Pairs on the Move: Navigating strong and weak ties in the search of future paths.” Nordic Journal of Migration Research (Special Issue Article) 6, 4: 199-206. DOI: 10.1515/njmr-2016-0028.
Daugstad, Gunnlaug. 2006. “Ekteskapsmønstre i innvandrerbefolkningen: Hvem gifter innvandrere i Norge seg med?” Samfunnsspeilet 4: 45-46.
de Brito, Rafael Costa Cazarin. 2015. Religion, emotions and social transformation along migratory processes. The cases of African church leaders in Spain and South Africa. Dissertation. Biscay: Universidad del Pais Vasco.
Drønen, Tomas Sundnes and Stian Sørlie Eriksen. 2015. “’Av alle folkeslag, stammer, folk og tungemål’: Mangfold i den globale kirke i Rogaland.” In Anne Kalvig and Anna Rebecca Solevåg, eds. Levende religion: globalt perspektiv - lokal praksis. Stavanger: Hertervig Akademisk: 106-131.
Drønen, Tomas Sundnes. ”Christian Migrant Communities: Transnational, Transcultural, and Translocal Discourses of Change.” Method and Theory in the Study of Religion (2017) 1-25.
Erdal, Marta Bivand. 2016. “Innenfra, utenfra og tredjeposisjoner? Refleksiv posisjonalitet i forskning blant katolikker i Norge.” In Aschim, Anders; Olav Hovdelien; and Helje Kringlebotn Sødal, eds, Kristne migranter i Norden. Kristiansand: Portal.
Eriksen, Stian Sørlie. 2016. “The Church of Pentecost International: fortellingen om en migrantmenighet i Oslo”. In Kristne migranter i Norden, eds. Anders Aschim, Olav Hovdelien and Helje Kringlebotn Sødal. Kristiansand, Portal: 190-207.
Eriksen, Stian Sørlie. 2015. “The epistemology of imagination and religious experience: a global and pentecostal approach to the study of religion.” Studia Theologica: Nordic Journal of Theology 69, 1: 47-73.
Ferré, Frederick. 1970. ” The Definition of Religion.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 38, 1: 3-16.
Fresnoza-Flot 2009. ”Migration Status and Transnational Mothering: The Case of Filipino Migrants in France.” Global Networks 9, 2: 252–270.
Fuglerud, Øyvind. 2001/2011. Migrasjonsforståelse: Flytteprosesser, rasisme og globalisering. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Furseth, Inger. 2006. From Quest for Truth to Being Oneself: Religious Change in Life Stories. Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang Publishing Group.
Furseth, Inger. 2008. ”Social Capital and Immigrant Religion.” Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 21, 2: 147–164
Furseth, Inger. 2015. ”Et religiøst landskap i endring 1988-2013.” [A changing religious landscape 1988-2013]. In Inger Furseth, ed., Religionens tilbakekomst i offentligheten: Religion, politikk, medier, stat og sivilsamfunn i Norge siden 1980-tallet. Oslo, Universersitetsforlaget: 21-37.
Gill, Robin. 2012. Theology Shaped by Society: Sociological Theology, Vol. 2. Ashgate Contemporary Ecclesiology Series, eds. Martyn Percy et al. Surrey: Ashgate.
Gooren, Henri. 2010. Religious Conversion and Disaffiliation: Tracing Patterns of Change in Faith Practices. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Grbich, Carol. 2013. Qualitative Data Analysis. An Introduction. Sage Publication, London.
Henriksen, Jan Olav. 2017. Religion as Orientation and Transformation: A Maximalist Theory. Religion in Philosophy and Theology 90. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Henriksen, Jan Olav. 2016. ”Everyday Religion as Orientation and Transformation: A Challenge to Theology.” Nordic Journal of Religion and Society 29, 1: 36–51. DOI: 10.18261/issn.1890-7008-2016-01-03.
Heelas, Paul. 2002. ”The Spiritual Revolution: From ’Religion’ to ’Spirituality’.” In Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations. Eds. Linda Woodhead et al. London, New York: Routledge: 412-436.
Hoegsholm, Filomenita Mongaya. 2007. ”Maria Claras in Viking Country.” In Filomenita Mongaya Hoegsholm, ed. In de Olde Worlde: Views of Filipino Migrants in Europe. Quezon City: Philippine Social Science Council and Philippine Migration Research Network: 318-333.
Horn-Hanssen, Fredrikke. 2007. ”Jeg føler meg bare sånn filippinsk og katolikk”: Nasjonal og religiøs identitet blant filippinere i St. Olav domkirkes menighet i Oslo. Master thesis. University of Oslo.
Johns, Jackie David. 1999. ”Yielding to the Spirit: The Dynamics of a Pentecostal Mocel of Praxis.” In Demptster, Klaus and Petersen, eds., The Globalization of Pentecostalism: A Religion Made to Travel. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Lie, Benedicte. 2004. “Stadig flere søker lykken med utenlandske ektefeller.” Samfunnsspeilet 3.
Marshall, Ruth. 1993. ”’Power in the Name of Jesus’”: Social Transformation and Pentecostalsim in Western Nigeria ’Revisited’.” In T. Ranger et al (eds), Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth-Century Africa. St. Anthony’s/Macmillan, Series 213-246.
McAdams, Dan. 2001. ”The Psychology of Life Stories.” Review of General Psychology 5, 2: 100-102.
McCarrol, Pam, Thomas St. James O’Connor and Elizabeth Meakes. 2005. ”Assessing Plurality in Spirituality Definitions.” In eds Augustine Meyer et al, eds. Spirituality and Health: Multidisciplinary Explorations. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfried Laurier University Press: 43-60.
McGuire, Meredith. 2008. Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Mezirow, Jack. 1994. ”Understanding Transformation Theory.” Adult Education Quarterly 44: 222-243.
Miller, Donald E. And Tetsunao Yamamori. 2007. Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Christian Social Engagement. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Reichard, Joshua D. 2014. “Relational Empowerment: A Process-Relational Theology of the Spirit-Filled Life.” Pneuma 36 (2014): 226-245. DOI: 10.1163/15700747-03602004
Ricoeur, Paul. 1990. Time and Narrative. Vol. 1. Trans. Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Riis, Ole and Linda Woodhead. 2010. Sociology of Religious Emotion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Robbins, Joel. 2010. ”Anthropology, Pentecostalism, and the New Paul: Conversion, Event, and Social Transformation.” South Atlantic Quarterly 109, 4: 633-652. DOI: 10.1215/00382876-2010-010.
Saroglou, Vassilis. 2011. ” Believing, Bonding, Behaving, and Belonging: The Big Four Religious Dimensions and Cultural Variation.” Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 42, 8: 1320-1340.
Schmidt, Ulla. 2010. ”Norge: et religiøst pluralistisk samfunn?” In Pål Kjetil Botvar and Ulla Schmidt, eds. Religion i dagens Norge: Mellom sekularisering og sakralisering. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget: 25-43.
Schults, Leron F. and Stephen J. Sandage. 2006. Transforming Spirituality: Integrating Theology and Psychology. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic.
Shaull, Richard. 1998. “From Academic Research to Spiritual Transformation: Reflections on a Study of Pentecostalism in Brazil.” Pneuma, 20, 1: 71-84. DOI: 10.1163/157007498X00063.
Synnes, M Ronald 2012. Kristne migrantmenigheter i Oslo. Oslo: KIFO Stiftelsen Kirkeforskning. Rapport 2012: 1.
Tkach, O. 2014, ‘Migrant Au Pairs in Norway: From Multi-faceted Work to Prospects of Settling Down’ in Work and the Challenges of Belonging: Migrants in Globalizing Economies, eds M Pajnik & Anthias, F, Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle upon Tyne pp. 134-152.
Trolle, Astrid Krabbe. 2016. “Det nationale og det nye: Filippinske katolske og punsekirkelige menigheder i Danmark.” In Kristne migranter i Norden, eds. Anders Aschim, Olav Hovdelien and Helje Kringlebotn Sødal. Kristiansand, Portal: 160-174.
Uhlenbeck, E.M. 1963. ”An Appraisal of Transformation Theory.” Lingua 12: 1-18.
Vondey, Wolfgang. 2017. Pentecostal Theology: Living the Full Gospel. Systematic Pentecostal and Charismatic Theology, eds. Wolfgang Vondey and Daniela C. Augustine. London: Bloomsbury T and T Clark.
Vondey, Wolfgang. 2017. “The Presence of the Spirit in the Academy: Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies as an Interdisciplinary Concern.” Penteco Studies: Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 16, 1: 85–116.
Währish-Oblau, Claudia. 2012. The Missionary Self-Perception of Pentecostal/Charismatic Church Leaders from the Global South in Europe: Bringing Back the Gospel. Leiden: Brill.
Warrington, Keith. 2008. Pentecostalism: A Theology of Encounter. London: T and T Clark.
Wong, Diana. 2014. “Time, Generation and Context in Narratives of Migrant and Religious Journeys.” Global Networks 14, 3: 306–325.
Øien, C. 2009. On equal terms? An evaluation of the Norwegian au pair scheme. Fafo, Oslo.
Published
2018-10-26
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Eriksen, S. (2018). “God Brought Me Here to Change Me”: Narratives of Spiritual Transformation in Pentecostal Migrant Churches in Norway. PentecoStudies, 17(2), 180-204. https://doi.org/10.1558/pent.35112
