Enhancing Learner Autonomy through CALL: A new model in EFL curriculum design

Authors

  • Karen May Smith Education Queensland, Woodridge State High School
  • Hana Craig Meisei University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11139/cj.30.2.252-278

Keywords:

CALL, language learning strategies, learner autonomy, curriculum design, EFL

Abstract

This paper tracks a decade in the development of an undergraduate course promoting learner autonomy through computer-assisted language learning (CALL) for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students at Meisei University in Japan. Lecturers and action researchers, Author1 and Author2, explore the course from its inception in 2004 to 2013. First, they review the original focus concerning implementation of the syllabus at class and student levels. Then, they unpack resulting pedagogical issues. Finally, they evaluate if and how recent curriculum review resonates with Meisei's overarching philosophy. Participants included 1st and 2nd year students, instructors and teaching assistants. The data for this study were collected from the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire (Oxford, 1990) and other teacher-written questionnaires. Other artefacts were extracted from course materials, participants' learning portfolios, face-to-face interviews, student reflections, and the instructors' observation and reflection journals. Outcomes suggested that learner autonomy can be facilitated by CALL to raise learners' consciousness of the learning process including: 1) an understanding of and a willingness to explore cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies; 2) purposeful reflection in self-management; and 3) how they themselves practice autonomy as it is enabled in CALL environments.

 

Author Biographies

  • Karen May Smith, Education Queensland, Woodridge State High School
    Karen Smith has been a journalist, and teacher for 25 years, moving into TESOL in 2003. She recently completed three years at Meisei University in Japan.  She has delivered in-service EFL teacher education in China, Vietnam and Laos. A reflexive practitioner, Smith  empowers students to find their voice through cooperative learning and learner autonomy. Currently, she is based in Australia teaching in government high schools to adolescent asylum seekers, refugees and migrants from Africa, Asia and the Far East. She hopes to help her students explore their identity, their culture and their community, ultimately hoping to produce some creative works with her students by introducing her concept of a World Wide Writing Web linking young writers across cultures through CALL. 
  • Hana Craig, Meisei University
    Hana Craig has been teaching ESOL for 15 years. She has a Bachelor in Commerce and Administration, a Graduate Diploma in Japanese Studies, a CELTA and a Masters in Applied Linguistics. Craig has taught in New Zealand, and has been a Guest Lecturer for three years in Japan, returning there in 2013. She is interested in learning advising and the development of Self Access Centres. Craig has research interests in CALL, learner autonomy, distance learning, and teaching vocabulary, particularly throughout Oceania and Asia.   

References

Benson, P. (1996). Concepts of autonomy in language learning. In R. Pemberton, S. L. Edward, W. W. F. Or & H. D. Pierson (Eds.), Taking control: Autonomy in language learning (pp. 18-34). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.

Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. London: Longman.

Benson, P. (2008). Autonomy in and out of class. Learner autonomy: What does the future hold? TESOL Symposium held at Sevilla, Spain. Virginia, USA: TESOL Inc.

Blin, F. (2004). CALL and the development of learner autonomy: Towards an activity-theoretical perspective. ReCALL, 16, 377-395. doi:10.1017/S0958344004000928.

Boulton, A., Chateau, A, Pereiro, M., & Azzam-Hannachi, R. (2008). Learning to learn languages with ICT - But How? CALL-EJ Online, 9(2). Available at http://callej.org/journal/9-2/boulton.html

Coghlan, D., & Brannick, T. (2010). Doing action research in your own organization (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications.

Collentine, K. (2011). Learner autonomy in a task-based 3D world and production. Language Learning & Technology, 15(3), 50–67.

Cotterall, S. (1995). Readiness for autonomy: Investigating learner beliefs. System, 23(2), 195-205. doi: 10.1016/0346-251X(95)00008-8

Craig, H. (2010). Learner autonomy at Meisei University: A case study in innovation in higher education. Meisei University Humanities Review, 46, 137–155.

Department of International Studies. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.meiseiu.ac.jp/english/ academics/hum/int.html

Dickinson, L. (1995). Autonomy and motivation: A literature review. System, 23(2), 165-174. doi: 10.1016/0346-251X(95)00005-5

Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fischer, R. (2007). How do we know what students are actually doing? Monitoring students’ behavior in CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 20(5), 409–442. doi: 10.1080/09588220701746013

Gan, Z., Humphreys, G., & Hamp-Lyons, L. (2004). Understanding successful and unsuccessful EFL students in Chinese universities. The Modern Language Journal, 88, 229–244. doi: 10.1111/j.0026-7902.2004.00227.x

Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy in foreign language learning. Oxford: Pergamon.

Hoven, D. (2006). Strategic uses of CALL: What learners use and how they react. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Series S No. 17 [`Asian Languages and Computers'], 125-147.

Jonassen, D. H. (1999). Designing constructivist learning environments. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory, II (pp. 215239). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Knight, O. (2008). Create something interesting to show you have learnt something: Building and assessing learner autonomy in the Key Stage 3 History classroom. Teaching History, 131, 1724.

Lai, C., & Gu, M. Y. (2011). Self-regulated out-of-class language learning with technology. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(4), 317-335. doi: 10.1080/09588221.2011.568417

Lang, P. (2006). Supporting independent language learning. Franfurt Am Main: Euopaisher Verlag der Wissenschaften.

Liontas, J. I. (2002). CALLmedia digital technology: Whither in the new millennium? CALICO Journal, 19(2), 315-330.

Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy 1: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentik.

Macaro, E. (2003). Teaching and learning a second language: A review of recent research. London: Continuum.

Manning, B. H., & Payne, B. D. (1996). Self-talk for teachers and students: Metacognitive strategies for personal and classroom use. Boston: Allan & Bacon.

Miyagi, S. (2007). University communicative English program evaluation: Measuring learning strategy awareness. Annual Bulletin of the Graduate School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Meisei University, 5, 35-58.

Mozzon-McPherson, M. (2001). Language advising: Towards a new discursive world. In M. MozzonMcPherson & R. Vismans (Eds.), Beyond language teaching, towards language advising (pp. 7–22). London: The Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research.

O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Pegrum, M. (2009). From blogs to bombs: The future of digital technologies in education. Perth: University of Western Australia Press.

Reinders, H. (2009). Technology and second language teacher education. In A. Burns & J. Richards (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to language teacher education (pp. 230-238). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Reinders, H. (2011). AILA research network for CALL and the learner. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 21(3), 421-424. doi: 10.1111/j.1473-4192.2011.00297.x

Rivera-Mills, S. V., & Plonsky, L. (2007). Empowering students with language learning strategies. Foreign Language Annals, 40(3), 535-548. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02874.x

Schwienhorst, K. (2003). Learner autonomy and tandem learning: Putting principles into practice in synchronous and asynchronous telecommunications environments. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 16(5), 427-443. doi: 10.1076/call.16.5.427.29484

Schwienhorst, K (2008). CALL and autonomy: Settings and context variables in technology-enhanced language environments. Independence, 43, 13-15

Skehan, P. (2003). Focus on form, tasks, and technology. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 16(5), 391-411. doi: 10.1076/call.16.5.391.29489

Smith, K. M. (2010). In pursuit of learner autonomy: Strategy-based instruction, a key approach for Japanese students. Meisei University Humanities Review, 46, 117-135.

Toyoda, E. (2001). Exercise of learner autonomy in project-oriented CALL. CALL-EJ Online, 2(2). Available at http://callej.org/journal/2-2/toyoda.html

Vandewaetere, M., & Desmet, P. (2009). Introducing psychometrical validation of questionnaires in CALL research: The case of measuring attitude towards CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 22(4), 349-380. doi: 10.1080/09588220903186547

Wang, J., Spencer, K. A., & Wang, D. (2012). A double-channel model for developing learner autonomy in an EFL context. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT), 2(3), 1-16. doi: 10.4018/ijcallt.2012070101

Warschauer, M. (1996). Computer-assisted language learning: An introduction. In S. Fotos (Ed.), Multimedia language teaching (pp. 3-20). Tokyo: Logos International.

Wenden, A. (1991). Learner strategies for learner autonomy: Planning and implementing learner training for language learners. New York: Prentice Hall.

Downloads

Published

2013-05-29

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Smith, K. M., & Craig, H. (2013). Enhancing Learner Autonomy through CALL: A new model in EFL curriculum design. CALICO Journal, 30(2), 252-278. https://doi.org/10.11139/cj.30.2.252-278

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>