A Twentieth Century Indian Sufi Views Hinduism
The Case of Khwaja Hasan Nizami (1879–1955)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/cis.v4i4.1-4.2.157Keywords:
Khwaja Hasan Nizami, tabligh, Muslim views of HinduismAbstract
This article explores how an early twentieth century Indian Sufi Muslim, Khwaja Hasan Nizami (1879-1955), treated various aspects of Hinduism in multiple Urdu publications. During the 1920s Nizami was identified as a primary activist in a “tabligh” campaign to counter Arya Samaj efforts to draw neo-Muslim populations back into the Hindu fold. Despite these politically charged activities, Nizami’s engagement with devotional and spiritual aspects of Hinduism suggests a willingness to continue the Hindu-Muslim cooperation of the Khilafat movement period (1919-1924) in order to embrace a national Indian identity based on mutual religious respect and tolerance.References
Asher, Catherine. Architecture of Mughal India. New York: Cambridge, 1992.
Ernst, Carl. “India as a Sacred Islamic Land.” In Religions of India in Practice, ed. Donald S. Lopez Jr., 556–564. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Engineer, Asghar Ali. “Muslims’ Views of Hindus in the Past and Present.” In Religions View Religions: Explorations in Pursuit of Understanding, ed. Jerald Gort, Henry Hansen, H.M. Vroom, 197–226. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.
Jaffrelot, Christophe. The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India. New York: Columbia, 1998.
Jha, D. N. The Myth of the Holy Cow. New York: Verso, 2002.
Jones, Kenneth. Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California, 1976.
Jordens, J.T.F. Swami Shraddhananda: His Life and Causes. New Delhi: Oxford, 1981.
Minault, Gail. The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India. New York: Columbia, 1982.
Nizami, Khwaja Hasan. Amm fahm tashrih-i Bukhari. Delhi: Halqa-i Masha’ikh, 1930.
———. Bivi ki ta‘lim. Delhi: Halqa-i Masha’ikh Book Depot, 1924.
———. Fatimi dawat-i Islam. Delhi: H. Nizami, 1925 2nd ed.
———. Firauni ta’rikh. Delhi: Lauh-e Mahfuz Urdu Library, 1944.
———. Gaee ki jan bachanee ka bayan. Dehli: Khwaja Hasan Nizami, 1951.
———. Hindu madhhab ki ma‘lumat. Delhi: Delhi Printing Works, 1923.
———. Khutut-i Akbar bi-nam-i Khwaja Hasan Nizami. Delhi: Mahbub al-Matabi‘, 1953.
———. Krishan biti ba taswir. Delhi: Halqa-i Masha’ikh, 1917.
———. Krishan biti. Delhi: Munshi Kanz Fazl Husain, 1917.
———. Krishan katha. Delhi: Ansari Press, 1941.
———. Lahuti ap biti. Gurdaspur: A’zamiyya Book Depot, 1922.
———. Nizami bansri New Delhi: Liberty Art Press, 1990.
———. Quran asan qa‘ida. Delhi : Delhi Printing Works, 1922.
———. Sikh qaum. Batala: Khwaja Press, n.d.
———. Tablighi isharaton ka majmu’a. Delhi: Ibn ‘Arabi Karkon, 1926.
———. Tark-i qurbani-i ga’o. Delhi: Halqa-i Masha’ikh, 1921.
———. Tazkira-yi musulman maharana. Delhi : Karkun Halqa-i Masha’ikh, 1927. 37.
Robb, Peter. “The Challenge of Gau Mata: British Policy and Religious Change in India, 1880–1916.” Modern Asian Studies 20 (1986): 285–319. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00000846
Sikand, Yoginder. “The Fitna of Irtidad: Muslim Missionary Response to the Shuddhi of the Arya Samaj in Early Twentieth Century India.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 17 (1997): 65–82. doi:10.1080/13602009708716358
———. “Building Bridges Between Sikhs and Muslims: The Contribution of Khwaja Hasan Nizami.” Studies in Inter-Religious Dialogue 9 (1999): 178–188. doi:10.2143/SID.9.2.2003990
———. “Arya Shuddhi and Muslim Tabligh: Muslim Reactions to Arya Samaj Proselytization (1923–1930).” In Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings, ed. Rowena Robinson and Sathianathan Clarke, 98–118. New Delhi: Oxford, 2003.
———. “The ‘United Nationalism’ of Maulana Madni.” Milli Gazette 15(5), 2004. Online at http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15Aug04-Print-Edition/011508200434.htm Viewed Nov. 1, 2009.
Swami Shraddhananda, Muhammadi sazish ka inkishaf. Delhi: Matba‘ Tej, 1924.
Thursby, Gene. Hindu-Muslim Relations in British India: a Study of Controversy, Conflict, and Communal Movements in Northern India 1923-1928. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1975.
Titus, Murray. Indian Islam: A Religious History of Islam in India. London: Oxford, 1930.
Wahidi, Mulla. Sawanih-i ‘umri-yi: Khwaja Hasan Nizami. Delhi: Munadi Khwaja Number, 1957.
