The Recontextualization of Islamic Peace Education
A Study of the Theory of Mohammed Abu-Nimer in the Indonesian Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/firn.37545Keywords:
peace education, islam, Mohammad Abu-Nimer, Indonesianness, recontextualizationAbstract
Some circles suggest that the phenomenon of intolerance and religious conflict in Indonesia will be reduced by a religious education model dominated by a mono-religious approach. The approach that focuses on deepening the knowledge of all religions is considered to be the cause of the persistence of interfaith stigma and prejudice. However, there are objections from various circles to the concept and application of interreligious education which requires close dialogue and interaction, an appreciative attitude, and openness to adherents of other religions. This article argues that the development of a peaceful and diverse mono-religious education approach is possible. This study employs Mohammed Abu-Nimer's theory as an alternative model of Islamic peace education that is strategic, participatory and practical; it focuses on his experience in conflict areas and in the Islamic education environment, which is often stigmatized conservatively in the Middle East and Africa. This study confirms that monoreligious education provides room for peace education that builds pedagogy of tolerance, diversity and human rights.
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References
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----- 2000 Peace Building in Postsettlement: Challenges for Israeli and Palestinian Peace Educators. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 6(1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327949PAC0601_1
----- 2001 Reconciliation, Justice, and Coexistence: Theory and Practice. Oxford: Lexington Books.
----- 2003 Non-Violence and Peace-Building in Islam: Theory and Practice. Florida: University of Florida Press.
----- 2004 Education for Coexistence and Arab-Jewish Encounters in Israel: Potential and Challenges. Journal of Social Issues 60(2): 405–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00121.x
----- 2018 Alternative Approaches to Transforming Violent Extremism: The Case of Islamic Peace and Interreligious Peacebuilding. In Transforming Approaches to Violent Extremism and Interrerigious Peacebuilding, edited by Beatrix Austin and Hans J. Giessmann. Berlin: Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series.
Abu Nimer, Mohammed, and Ilham Nasser 2017 Building Peace Education in the Islamic Educational Context. International Review of Education 63(2): 153–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-017-9632-7
Abu Nimer, Mohammed, Ilham Nasser, and Seddik Ouboulahcen 2016 Introducing Values of Peace Education in Quranic Schools in Western Africa: Advantages and Challenges of the Islamic Peace-Building Model. Religious Education 111(5): 537–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2016.1108098
Abu Nimer, Mohammed, and Renáta Katalin Smith 2016 Interreligious and Intercultural Education for Dialogue, Peace and Social Cohesion. International Review of Education 62(4): 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-016-9583-4
Afrianty, Dina 2012 Islamic Education and Youth Extremism in Indonesia. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 7(2): 134–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2012.719095
Arifin, Syamsul 2016 Islamic Religious Education and Radicalism in Indonesia: Strategy of De-Radicalization through Strengthening the Living Values Education. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 6(1): 93–126. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v6i1.93-126
Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin 2007 Building Harmony and Peace through Multiculturalist Theology?based Religious Education: An Alternative for Contemporary Indonesia. British Journal of Religious Education 29(1): 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200601037478
----- 2017 Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Mempromosikan Perdamaian Dalam Masyarakat Plural. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14(2): 289–309.
Carter, Candice C. 2010 Teacher Preparation for Peace Education. In Conflict Resolution and Peace Education: Transformations across Disciplines, edited by Candice C. Carter, 187–205. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hasan, Noorhaidi 2009 Islamizing Formal Education: Integrated Islamic School and New Trends in Formal Education Institution in Indonesia. RSIS Working Paper: No. 172. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/172-wp172-islamizing-formal-educ/
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Huda, Qamar-Ul, Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Amr Qader, and Erin McCandless 2011 Islam, Peacebuilding and Development. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 6(1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2011.745958627859
Husin, Asna 2009 Educating for Islamic Pluralism: Lessons from Indonesia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 1(1): 121–41. https://www.icrjournal.org/icr/index.php/icr/article/view/249 (accessed September 29, 2018).
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Köylü, Mustafa 2004 Peace Education: An Islamic Approach. Journal of Peace Education 1(1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740020032000178302
Masamah, Ulfa 1970 Pesantren Dan Pendidikan Perdamaian. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2(1): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2013.21.21-39
Miswanto, Agus 2010 Introducing Human Rights Education in Indonesia: The Experience of Muhammadiyah Schools 2005–2010. PhD dissertation. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8613
Munjid, Ahmad 2016 Signifikansi Studi Dan Pengajaran Agama Model Inter-Religius Dalam Memaknai Pluralisme. In Studi Agama Di Indonesia: Sebuah Pengalaman, edited by Samsul Maarif Ino, 55–82. Yogyakarta: CRCS UGM.
Nasser, Ilham, and Mohammed Abu-Nimer 2007 Peace Education in a Bilingual and Biethnic School for Palestinians and Jews in Israel: Lessons and Challenges. In Addressing Ethnic Conflict through Peace Education: International Perspectives, edited by Zvi Bekerman and Claire McGlynn, 107–120. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230603585_9
----- 2012 Perceptions of Forgiveness among Palestinian Teachers in Israel. Journal of Peace Education 9(1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.614568
Nasser, Ilham, Mohammed Abu-Nimer, and Ola Mahmoud 2014 Contextual and Pedagogical Considerations in Teaching for Forgiveness in the Arab World. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44(1): 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.859884
Neuman, William Lawrence 2000 Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Old Tappan, NJ: Allyn and Bacon.
Noddings, Nel 2011 Peace Education: How We Come to Love Peace and Hate War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894725
Nurwanto, and Carole M. Cusack 2017 Addressing Multicultural Societies: Lessons from Religious Education Curriculum Policy in Indonesia and England. Journal of Religious Education 64: 157–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-017-0040-x
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Peace Generation Indonesia 2016 Laporan Kegiatan Peace Library. Online: https://www.peace-generation.org/library (accessed March 5, 2018).
Pohl, Florian 2009 Interreligious Harmony and Peacebuilding in Indonesian Islamic Education. In Peace Psychology in Asia, edited by Noraini M. Noor and Cristina Jayme Montiel, 147–60. Peace Psychology Book Series. New York: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0143-9_8
Raihani 2011 A Whole-School Approach: A Proposal for Education for Tolerance in Indonesia. School Field 9(1): 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878510394806
Republika 2016 Jambore Pelajar Teladan Bangsa Tolak Sektarian Di Indonesia. Online: https://republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/16/08/01/ob7wg9394-jambore-pelajar-teladan-bangsa-tolak-sektarian-di-indonesia (accessed September 29, 2018).
Rusyana, Ayi Yunus 2012 Building Peace Generation: How the Islamic Values of Peace to be Educated in Indonesia. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan 10(2): 143–60. http://jurnaledukasikemenag.org/index.php/edukasi/article/view/156
Saeed, Abdullah 1999 Towards Religious Tolerance through Reform in Islamic Education: The Case of the State Institute of Islamic Studies of Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World 27(79): 177–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639819908729941
Suhadi, Mohamad Yusuf, Marthen Tahun, Budi Asyhari, and Sudarto 2015 The Politics of Religious Education, the 2013 Curriculum, and the Public Space of the School. Yogyakarta: Center for Religious and Cultural Studies UGM
Tan, Charlene 2012 Islamic Education and Indoctrination: The Case in Indonesia. New York: Routledge.
UNESCO 1995 Declaration and Integrated Framework of Action on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Democracy.
Yusuf, Mohamad, and Carl Sterkens 2015 Analysing the State’s Laws on Religious Education in Post-New Order Indonesia. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 53(1): 105–130. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.531.105-130
Zed, Mestika 2004 Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
----- 2000 Peace Building in Postsettlement: Challenges for Israeli and Palestinian Peace Educators. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 6(1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327949PAC0601_1
----- 2001 Reconciliation, Justice, and Coexistence: Theory and Practice. Oxford: Lexington Books.
----- 2003 Non-Violence and Peace-Building in Islam: Theory and Practice. Florida: University of Florida Press.
----- 2004 Education for Coexistence and Arab-Jewish Encounters in Israel: Potential and Challenges. Journal of Social Issues 60(2): 405–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-4537.2004.00121.x
----- 2018 Alternative Approaches to Transforming Violent Extremism: The Case of Islamic Peace and Interreligious Peacebuilding. In Transforming Approaches to Violent Extremism and Interrerigious Peacebuilding, edited by Beatrix Austin and Hans J. Giessmann. Berlin: Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series.
Abu Nimer, Mohammed, and Ilham Nasser 2017 Building Peace Education in the Islamic Educational Context. International Review of Education 63(2): 153–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-017-9632-7
Abu Nimer, Mohammed, Ilham Nasser, and Seddik Ouboulahcen 2016 Introducing Values of Peace Education in Quranic Schools in Western Africa: Advantages and Challenges of the Islamic Peace-Building Model. Religious Education 111(5): 537–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2016.1108098
Abu Nimer, Mohammed, and Renáta Katalin Smith 2016 Interreligious and Intercultural Education for Dialogue, Peace and Social Cohesion. International Review of Education 62(4): 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-016-9583-4
Afrianty, Dina 2012 Islamic Education and Youth Extremism in Indonesia. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 7(2): 134–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2012.719095
Arifin, Syamsul 2016 Islamic Religious Education and Radicalism in Indonesia: Strategy of De-Radicalization through Strengthening the Living Values Education. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 6(1): 93–126. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v6i1.93-126
Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin 2007 Building Harmony and Peace through Multiculturalist Theology?based Religious Education: An Alternative for Contemporary Indonesia. British Journal of Religious Education 29(1): 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200601037478
----- 2017 Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Mempromosikan Perdamaian Dalam Masyarakat Plural. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14(2): 289–309.
Carter, Candice C. 2010 Teacher Preparation for Peace Education. In Conflict Resolution and Peace Education: Transformations across Disciplines, edited by Candice C. Carter, 187–205. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hasan, Noorhaidi 2009 Islamizing Formal Education: Integrated Islamic School and New Trends in Formal Education Institution in Indonesia. RSIS Working Paper: No. 172. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/idss/172-wp172-islamizing-formal-educ/
Hassan, Riffat 1987 Peace Education: A Muslim Perspective. In Education for Peace: Testimonies from World Religions, edited by Gordon Hayim and Leonard Grob, 90–108. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
Huda, Qamar-Ul, Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Amr Qader, and Erin McCandless 2011 Islam, Peacebuilding and Development. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 6(1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2011.745958627859
Husin, Asna 2009 Educating for Islamic Pluralism: Lessons from Indonesia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal 1(1): 121–41. https://www.icrjournal.org/icr/index.php/icr/article/view/249 (accessed September 29, 2018).
Kester, Kevin 2012 Peace Education Primer. Journal of Global Citizenship & Equity Education 2(2). http://journals.sfu.ca/jgcee/index.php/jgcee/article/view/66/60
Köylü, Mustafa 2004 Peace Education: An Islamic Approach. Journal of Peace Education 1(1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740020032000178302
Masamah, Ulfa 1970 Pesantren Dan Pendidikan Perdamaian. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2(1): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2013.21.21-39
Miswanto, Agus 2010 Introducing Human Rights Education in Indonesia: The Experience of Muhammadiyah Schools 2005–2010. PhD dissertation. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit. https://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8613
Munjid, Ahmad 2016 Signifikansi Studi Dan Pengajaran Agama Model Inter-Religius Dalam Memaknai Pluralisme. In Studi Agama Di Indonesia: Sebuah Pengalaman, edited by Samsul Maarif Ino, 55–82. Yogyakarta: CRCS UGM.
Nasser, Ilham, and Mohammed Abu-Nimer 2007 Peace Education in a Bilingual and Biethnic School for Palestinians and Jews in Israel: Lessons and Challenges. In Addressing Ethnic Conflict through Peace Education: International Perspectives, edited by Zvi Bekerman and Claire McGlynn, 107–120. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230603585_9
----- 2012 Perceptions of Forgiveness among Palestinian Teachers in Israel. Journal of Peace Education 9(1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.614568
Nasser, Ilham, Mohammed Abu-Nimer, and Ola Mahmoud 2014 Contextual and Pedagogical Considerations in Teaching for Forgiveness in the Arab World. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44(1): 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.859884
Neuman, William Lawrence 2000 Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Old Tappan, NJ: Allyn and Bacon.
Noddings, Nel 2011 Peace Education: How We Come to Love Peace and Hate War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511894725
Nurwanto, and Carole M. Cusack 2017 Addressing Multicultural Societies: Lessons from Religious Education Curriculum Policy in Indonesia and England. Journal of Religious Education 64: 157–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40839-017-0040-x
Panggabean, Rizal, and Ihsan Ali Fauzi 2010 Dari Riset Perang Ke Riset Bina-Damai. In Nir-Kekerasan Dan Bina-Damai Dalam Islam: Teori Dan Praktik, xi–xxiv. Jakarta: Alvabet dan Paramadina.
Peace Generation Indonesia 2016 Laporan Kegiatan Peace Library. Online: https://www.peace-generation.org/library (accessed March 5, 2018).
Pohl, Florian 2009 Interreligious Harmony and Peacebuilding in Indonesian Islamic Education. In Peace Psychology in Asia, edited by Noraini M. Noor and Cristina Jayme Montiel, 147–60. Peace Psychology Book Series. New York: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0143-9_8
Raihani 2011 A Whole-School Approach: A Proposal for Education for Tolerance in Indonesia. School Field 9(1): 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878510394806
Republika 2016 Jambore Pelajar Teladan Bangsa Tolak Sektarian Di Indonesia. Online: https://republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/16/08/01/ob7wg9394-jambore-pelajar-teladan-bangsa-tolak-sektarian-di-indonesia (accessed September 29, 2018).
Rusyana, Ayi Yunus 2012 Building Peace Generation: How the Islamic Values of Peace to be Educated in Indonesia. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan 10(2): 143–60. http://jurnaledukasikemenag.org/index.php/edukasi/article/view/156
Saeed, Abdullah 1999 Towards Religious Tolerance through Reform in Islamic Education: The Case of the State Institute of Islamic Studies of Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World 27(79): 177–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639819908729941
Suhadi, Mohamad Yusuf, Marthen Tahun, Budi Asyhari, and Sudarto 2015 The Politics of Religious Education, the 2013 Curriculum, and the Public Space of the School. Yogyakarta: Center for Religious and Cultural Studies UGM
Tan, Charlene 2012 Islamic Education and Indoctrination: The Case in Indonesia. New York: Routledge.
UNESCO 1995 Declaration and Integrated Framework of Action on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Democracy.
Yusuf, Mohamad, and Carl Sterkens 2015 Analysing the State’s Laws on Religious Education in Post-New Order Indonesia. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 53(1): 105–130. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.531.105-130
Zed, Mestika 2004 Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Published
2018-12-20
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Rohmah, S., Ismail, M. S., Kholish, M. A., & Novita, M. (2018). The Recontextualization of Islamic Peace Education: A Study of the Theory of Mohammed Abu-Nimer in the Indonesian Context. Fieldwork in Religion, 13(2), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1558/firn.37545
