The Negotiation of Footing and Participation Structure in a Social Group of Teens with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v2i1.61Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Participation Frameworks, Adolescents, Peer InteractionAbstract
This study combines participant observation and discourse analytic methodologies to determine how an adolescent girl with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), referred to here as Sheila, negotiates shifts in footing and participation structure within a small group intervention. The intervention also includes two typically developing, adolescent peers. Video recordings of 11 hours of group session were transcribed and analyzed. Analysis shows that Sheila uses resources characteristic of ASD, namely repetition, to structure the mode in which she participates in social group activities. Repetition appears in both verbal and physical modalities, and serves to shift footing into or out of alignment with her peers depending on the context of the interaction. Through bodily imitation, Sheila reframes a game of charades into a joint performance, and is corroborated by her typical peers and the adult facilitator in doing so as they ratify her shaping of a new game.
References
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Dobbinson, S., Perkins, M. R. and Boucher, J. (2003). The interactional significance of formulas in autistic language. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 17 (4?5): 299?307. doi: 10.1080/0269920031000080046
Fasulo A. and Fiore F. (2007). A valid person: Non-competence as a conversational outcome. In A. Hepburn and S. Wiggins (eds) Discursive Research in Practice, 224?246. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
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Jordan, R. (2003). Social play and autism spectrum disorders: A perspective on theory, implications and educational approaches. Autism 7 (4): 347?360. doi:10.1177/1362361303007004002
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Ochs, E. and Solomon, O. (2004). Introduction: Discourse and autism. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 139?146. doi:10.1177/1461445604041763
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Ochs, E., Gonzalez, P. and Jacoby, S. (1997). When I come down I’m in a domain state: Talk, gesture, and graphic representation in the interpretive activity of physicists. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson (eds) Interaction and Grammar, 328?369. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Ochs, E., Kremer-Sadlik, T., Sirota, K. G. and Solomon, O. (2004). Autism and the social world: An anthropological perspective. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 147?183. doi:10.1177/1461445604041766
Ochs, E., Solomon, O. and Sterponi, L. (2005). Limitations and transformations of habitus in child-directed communication. Discourse Studies 7 (4?5): 547?583. doi:10.1177/1461445605054406
Oelschlaeger, M. L. and Damico, J. S. (1998). Spontaneous verbal repetition: a social strategy in aphasic conversation. Aphasiology 12: 971?988. doi:10.1080/02687039808249464
Ozonoff, S., Strayer, D. L., McMahon, W. M. and Filloux, F. (1994). Executive function abilities in autism and Tourette Syndrome: An information processing approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35: 1015?1032. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x
Rae, J. (2001). Organizing participation in interaction: Doing participation framework. Research on Language and Social Interaction 34: 253–278. doi:10.1207/S15327973RLSI34-2_4
Rogers, S. J., Benetto, L., McEvoy, R. and Pennington, B. F. (1996). Imitation and pantomime in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Child Development 67 (5): 2060?2073. doi:10.2307/1131609
Rogoff, B. (1990) Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. New York: Oxford University Press.
Schegloff, E. A. (1991). Reflections on talk and social structure. In D. Boden and D. H. Zimmerman (eds) Talk and Social Structure: Studies in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, 44?70. Cambridge: Polity Press in association with Blackwell.
Schuler, A. L. (1979). Echolalia: Issues and clinical applications. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 86: 411?434.
Shea, V., and Mesibov, G. B. (2005). Adolescents and adults with autism. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin and D. Cohen (eds) Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 3rd edition, 338?311. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Solomon, O. (2004). Narrative introductions: Discourse competence of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 253?276. doi:10.1177/1461445604041770
Stiegler, L. N. (2007). Clinical exchange: Discovering communicative competencies in a nonspeaking child with autism. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 38: 400?413. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2007/041)
Sterponi, L. (2004). Construction of rules, accountability and moral identity by highfunctioning children with autism. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 207?228. doi:10.1177/1461445604041768
Sterponi, L. (2010). ‘How to go on’: Intersubjectivity and progressivity in the communication of a child with autism. Ethos 38 (1): 116?142. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1352.2009.01084.x
Stribling, P., Rae, J. and Dickerson, P. (2008). Using conversation analysis to explore the recurrence of a topic in the talk of a boy with an autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 23 (8): 555?582. doi:10.1080/02699200802491165
Wolfberg, P. J, and Schuler, A. L. (1993). Integrated Play Groups: A model for promoting the social and cognitive dimensions of play in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 23 (3): 467?489. doi:10.1007/BF01046051
Wolfberg, P. J. (1999/2009). Play and Imagination in Children with Autism. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Wootton, A. J. (1999). An investigation of delayed echoing in a child with autism. First Language, 19 (57): 359?381. doi:10.1177/014272379901905704
Asperger, H. (1944/1991). ‘Autistic psychopathy’ in childhood. In U. Frith (ed.) Asperger and His Syndrome, 37?92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Atkinson, J. M. and Heritage, J. (1984). Structures of Social Action. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, translated by Vern W. McGee. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. and Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a theory of mind? Cognition 21 (1): 37?46. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8
Bauminger, N. and Kasari, C. (2000). Loneliness and friendships in high-functioning children with autism. Child Development 71 (2): 447?456. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00156
Bottema, K. (2009). Poster session presented at Vox California: Cultural meanings of linguistic diversity (April 3). Santa Barbara, CA.
Dobbinson, S., Perkins, M. R. and Boucher, J. (1998). Structural patterns in conversation with a woman who has autism. Journal of Communication Disorders 31 (2): 113?134. doi:10.1016/S0021-9924(97)00085-3
Dobbinson, S., Perkins, M. R. and Boucher, J. (2003). The interactional significance of formulas in autistic language. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 17 (4?5): 299?307. doi: 10.1080/0269920031000080046
Fasulo A. and Fiore F. (2007). A valid person: Non-competence as a conversational outcome. In A. Hepburn and S. Wiggins (eds) Discursive Research in Practice, 224?246. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Goffman, E. (1981). Chapter 3: Footing. In E. Goffman Forms of Talk, 124?157. Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Happe, F. and Frith, U. (2006). The weak central coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 36 (1): 5?25. doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0
Hutchby, I. and Wooffitt, R. (1998). Conversation Analysis: Principles, Practices, and Applications. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hwang, B. and Hughes, C. (2000). The effects of social interactive training on early social communicative skills of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 (4): 331?343. doi:10.1023/A:1005579317085
Jordan, R. (2003). Social play and autism spectrum disorders: A perspective on theory, implications and educational approaches. Autism 7 (4): 347?360. doi:10.1177/1362361303007004002
Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child 2: 217?250.
Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991). Legitimate peripheral participation. In J. Lave and E. Wenger Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, 29?43. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Local, J. J. and Wootton, T. (1995). Interactional and phonetic aspects of immediate echolalia in autism: A case study. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 9 (2): 155?184. doi:10.3109/02699209508985330
McConnell, S. (2002). Interventions to facilitate social interaction for young children with autism: Review of available research and recommendations for educational intervention and future research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 32 (5): 351?372. doi:10.1023/A:1020537805154
Muskett, T., Perkins, M., Clegg, J. and Body, R. (2010). Inflexibility as an interactional phenomenon: Using conversation analysis to re-examine a symptom of autism. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 24 (1): 1?16. doi:10.3109/02699200903281739
Ochs, E. (2002). Becoming a speaker of culture. In C. Kramsch (ed.) Language Acquisition and Language Socialization: Ecological Perspectives, 99?120. London: Continuum.
Ochs, E. and Jacoby, S. (1997). Down to the wire: the cultural clock of physicists and the discourse of consensus. Language in Society 26 (4): 479?506. doi:10.1017/S0047404500021023
Ochs, E. and Solomon, O. (2004). Introduction: Discourse and autism. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 139?146. doi:10.1177/1461445604041763
Ochs, E. and Solomon, O. (2010). Autistic sociality. Ethos 38 (1): 69?92. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1352.2009.01082.x
Ochs, E., Gonzalez, P. and Jacoby, S. (1997). When I come down I’m in a domain state: Talk, gesture, and graphic representation in the interpretive activity of physicists. In E. Ochs, E. A. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson (eds) Interaction and Grammar, 328?369. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ochs, E., Jacoby, S. and Gonzalez, P. (1994). Interpretive journeys: How physicists talk and travel through geographic space. Configuration 2 (1): 151?172. doi:10.1353/con.1994.0003
Ochs, E., Kremer-Sadlik, T., Sirota, K. G. and Solomon, O. (2004). Autism and the social world: An anthropological perspective. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 147?183. doi:10.1177/1461445604041766
Ochs, E., Solomon, O. and Sterponi, L. (2005). Limitations and transformations of habitus in child-directed communication. Discourse Studies 7 (4?5): 547?583. doi:10.1177/1461445605054406
Oelschlaeger, M. L. and Damico, J. S. (1998). Spontaneous verbal repetition: a social strategy in aphasic conversation. Aphasiology 12: 971?988. doi:10.1080/02687039808249464
Ozonoff, S., Strayer, D. L., McMahon, W. M. and Filloux, F. (1994). Executive function abilities in autism and Tourette Syndrome: An information processing approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35: 1015?1032. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01807.x
Rae, J. (2001). Organizing participation in interaction: Doing participation framework. Research on Language and Social Interaction 34: 253–278. doi:10.1207/S15327973RLSI34-2_4
Rogers, S. J., Benetto, L., McEvoy, R. and Pennington, B. F. (1996). Imitation and pantomime in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Child Development 67 (5): 2060?2073. doi:10.2307/1131609
Rogoff, B. (1990) Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. New York: Oxford University Press.
Schegloff, E. A. (1991). Reflections on talk and social structure. In D. Boden and D. H. Zimmerman (eds) Talk and Social Structure: Studies in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, 44?70. Cambridge: Polity Press in association with Blackwell.
Schuler, A. L. (1979). Echolalia: Issues and clinical applications. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 86: 411?434.
Shea, V., and Mesibov, G. B. (2005). Adolescents and adults with autism. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klin and D. Cohen (eds) Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, 3rd edition, 338?311. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Solomon, O. (2004). Narrative introductions: Discourse competence of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 253?276. doi:10.1177/1461445604041770
Stiegler, L. N. (2007). Clinical exchange: Discovering communicative competencies in a nonspeaking child with autism. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 38: 400?413. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2007/041)
Sterponi, L. (2004). Construction of rules, accountability and moral identity by highfunctioning children with autism. Discourse Studies 6 (2): 207?228. doi:10.1177/1461445604041768
Sterponi, L. (2010). ‘How to go on’: Intersubjectivity and progressivity in the communication of a child with autism. Ethos 38 (1): 116?142. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1352.2009.01084.x
Stribling, P., Rae, J. and Dickerson, P. (2008). Using conversation analysis to explore the recurrence of a topic in the talk of a boy with an autism spectrum disorder. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 23 (8): 555?582. doi:10.1080/02699200802491165
Wolfberg, P. J, and Schuler, A. L. (1993). Integrated Play Groups: A model for promoting the social and cognitive dimensions of play in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 23 (3): 467?489. doi:10.1007/BF01046051
Wolfberg, P. J. (1999/2009). Play and Imagination in Children with Autism. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Wootton, A. J. (1999). An investigation of delayed echoing in a child with autism. First Language, 19 (57): 359?381. doi:10.1177/014272379901905704
Published
2011-07-29
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Bottema-Beutel, K. (2011). The Negotiation of Footing and Participation Structure in a Social Group of Teens with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders, 2(1), 61-83. https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.v2i1.61
