Diversity and Synergy in the Recording Industry in Portugal, 1988-2008
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/jwpm.v1i1.73Keywords:
domestic repertoire, local labels, record labels, recording industry, synergyAbstract
This article describes the recording industry in Portugal during the years from 1988 to 2008 through an examination of the strategies and policies developed by both the major and independent labels in regard to Portugal’s domestic repertoire. Based on data collected from interviews with record label managers and other staff, as well as quantitative data obtained from the Portuguese Phonographic Association (AFP), I contextualize the findings within broader discussions about the music-recording industry and alternative music industries. One major focus is on debates surrounding “the local” vis-à-vis “the transnational” in the context of the music-recording industry.
References
AFP (Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa). 2008. “Market Data, 1988–2008”. Archived at AFP and provided to the author.
Burkart, Patrick. 2005. “Loose Integration in the Popular Music Industry”. Popular Music and Society 28/4: 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007760500159013
Burnett, Robert. 1996. The Global Jukebox: The International Music Industry. London: Routledge.
Burnett, Robert, and Patrik Wikström. 2006. “Music Production in Time of Monopoly: The Example of Sweden”. Popular Music and Society 29/5: 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007760500303421
Castelo-Branco, Salwa, ed. 2010. Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX (Encyclopedia of Music in Portugal in the 20th Century). Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Chapple, Steve, and Reebee Garofalo. 1977. Rock’n’Roll Is Here to Pay: The History and Politics of the Music Industry. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
Cloonan, Martin. 2011. “Researching Live Music: Some Thoughts on Policy Implications”. International Journal of Cultural Policy 17/4: 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2010.544728
Felix, Pedro. 2010a. “Ama Romanta”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–1º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 38–9. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
—2010b. “Fundação Atlântica”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–2º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 535. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Frith, Simon. 1981. Sound Effects: Youth, Leisure and the Politics of Rock’n’Roll. New York: Pantheon.
—1988. “The Industrialization of Music”. In Music for Pleasure, 11–23. New York: Routledge.
—1996. Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
—2007. “Live Music Matters”. Scottish Music Review 1/1: 1–17.
Frith, Simon, and Lee Marshall. 2004. Music and Copyright. New York: Routledge.
Garofalo, Reebee. 1987. “How Autonomous Is Relative: Popular Music, the Social Formation and Cultural Struggle”. Popular Music 6/1: 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143000006620
—1993. “Whose World, What Beat: The Transnational Music Industry, Identity, and Cultural Imperialism”. World of Music 35/2: 16–32.
—1999. “From Music Publishing to MP3: Music and Industry in the Twentieth Century”. American Music 17/3: 318–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3052666
Gebesmair, Andreas. 2001. “Measurements of Globalization: Some Remarks on Sources and Identificators”. In Global Repertoires, edited by Andreas Gebesmair and Alfred Smudits, 137–52. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Gourvish, Terry, and Kevin Tennett. 2010. “Peterson and Berger Revisited: Changing Market Dominance in the British Popular Music Industry 1950–80”. Business History 52/2: 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791003610717
Gronow, Pekka. 1983. “The Recording Industry: The Growth of a Mass-Medium”. Popular Music 3: 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143000001562
Gronow, Pekka, and Ilpo Saunio. 1998. An International History of the Recording Industry. New York: Cassell.
Hesmondhalgh, David. 1998, “The British Dance Music Industry: A Case Study of Independent Cultural Production”. British Journal of Sociology 49/2: 234–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591311
—2002. The Cultural Industries. London: Sage.
Hull, Geoffrey P. 2004. The Recording Industry, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.
Kretschmer, Martin, George Michael Klimis and Roger Wallis. 1999. Prometheus 17/2: 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08109029908629548
Laing, Dave. 1986. “The Music Industry and the ‘Cultural Imperialism’ Thesis”. Media, Culture and Society 8: 331–41.
Losa, Leonor. 2010a. “A Indústria Fonográfica”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–2º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 632–43. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
—2010b. “Rádio Triunfo”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–4º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 1089–90. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
—2010c. “Valentim de Carvalho”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–4º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 1304–8. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Losa, Leonor, and António Tilly. 2010. “Arnaldo Trindade”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–1º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 47–9. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Manuel, Peter. 1993. Cassette Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Marques, Francisco. 2006. A Música Pimba—Um Fenómeno Musical. Lisbon: Sete Caminhos.
Marshall, Lee, ed. 2013. The International Recording Industries. New York: Routledge.
Moreira, Pedro Russo, Rui Cidra and Salwa Castelo-Branco. 2010. “Música Ligeira”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–3º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 872–75. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Negus, Keith. 1992. Producing Pop: Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry. London: Arnold.
—1996. Popular Music in Theory. Cambridge: Polity.
—1999. Music Genres and Corporate Cultures. London: Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203169469
Neves, José Soares. 1999. Os Profissionais do Disco: Um Estudo da Indústria Fonográfica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Observatório das Actividades Culturais.
Nunes, Pedro. 2004. “Popular Music and the Public Sphere”. PhD thesis. Stirling Media Research Institute, University of Stirling.
—2010. “Good Samaritans and Oblivious Cheerleaders: Ideologies of Music Journalists Towards Portuguese Music”. Popular Music 29/1: 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143009990377
—2011. “Os Jornalistas de Música e a Indústria Musical: Entre o Gatekeeping e o Cheerleading”. Trajectos 18: 53–69.
Peterson, Richard A. 2001. “Globalization and Communalization of Music in the Production Perspective”. In Global Repertoires, edited by Andreas Gebesmair and Alfred Smudits, 119–36. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Peterson, Richard A., ed. 1976. The Production of Culture. London: Sage. Peterson, Richard, and David Berger. 1971. “Entrepreneurship in Organizations: Evidence from the Popular Music Industry”. Administration Science Quarterly 16/1: 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2391293
Shore, Lawrence Kenneth. 1983. “The Crossroads of Business and Music: A Study of the Music Industry in the United States and Internationally”. PhD thesis. Stanford University.
Shuker, Roy. 2001. Understanding Popular Music, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.
Silva, Manuel Deniz. 2010. “Rádio”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–4º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 1080–87. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Silva, Sónia. 2010. “Vidisco”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–4º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 1329. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Street, John. 2012. “From Gigs to Giggs: Politics, Law and Live Music”. Social Semiotics 22/5: 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2012.731901
Tilly, António, and Hugo Silva. 2010. “Brito, Tozé”. In Enciclopédia da Música em Portugal no Século XX–1º volume, edited by Salwa Castelo-Branco, 188–90. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
Toynbee, Jason. 2000. Making Popular Music: Music, Creativity and Institutions. London: Arnold.
Wallis, Roger, and Kirster Malm. 1984. Big Sounds from Small Peoples. New York: Pendragon.
Wikström, Patrik. 2005. “The Enemy of Music: Modelling the Behaviour of a Cultural Industry in Crisis”. International Journal on Media Management 7/1: 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2005.9669417
—2009. The Music Industry. Cambridge: Polity.
Williamson, John, and Martin Cloonan. 2007. “Rethinking the Music Industry”. Popular Music 26/2: 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261143007001262
