Functions of sequential placement: Conversational co-construction of a single nonverbal contribution
Issued Date: 1 Feb 2017
Abstract
This study examines how a nearly nonverbal, prelingually deaf young man and his speech-language clinician co-construct a conversation using the client’s nonconventional contributions. It is shown how conversation is made possible through variations in the sequential placement of a single contribution by the client, a nasal sound construed as serving four distinct conversational functions: as a continuer; as a token of turn-constructional and topical completion; as an incomprehension token and signal for lack of verbal resources; and as a comprehension token. These functions are based on variations the sequential placement of the nasal and the differential treatment it receives by the interlocutors as a consequence. Results indicate that unconventional conversational contributions may be untypical in their form but typical in their function; that they may have subtly different functions when compared to their conventional cognates; or that they may have functions not found in typical talk.
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DOI: 10.1558/jircd.32014
References
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Local, J., & Walker, G. (2012). How phonetic features project more talk. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42, 255--280.
Mahon, M. (2009). Interactions between a deaf child for whom English is an additional language and his specialist teacher in the first year at school: Combining words and gestures. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 23, 611--629.
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Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50, 696--735.
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Schegloff, E. A. (1987). Analyzing single episodes of interaction: An exercise in Conversation Analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 101--114.
Schegloff, E. A. (1988). Discourse as an interactional achievement II: An exercise in Conversation Analysis. In D. Tannen (Ed.), Linguistics in context: Connecting observation and understanding (pp. 135-158). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Schegloff, E. A. (1989). Harvey Sacks lectures 1964--1965: An introduction/memoir. Human Studies, 12, 185--209.
Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction. A primer in Conversation Analysis. Volume 1. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Simmons-Mackie, N. N., & Damico, J. S. (2003). Contributions of qualitative research to the knowledge base of normal communication. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12: 144-154.
Simmons-Mackie, N., Damico, J. S., & Damico, H. L. (1999). A qualitative study of feedback in aphasia treatment. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 8, 218--230.
Stiegler, L. N. (2007). Discovering communicative competencies in a nonspeaking child with autism. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 38, 400--413.
Tarling, K., Perkins, M. R., & Stojanovik, V. (2006). Conversational success in Williams syndrome: Communication in the face of cognitive and linguistic limitations. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 20, 583--590.
Tarplee, C., & Barrow, E. (1999). Delayed echoing as an interactional resource: A case study of a 3-year-old child on the autistic spectrum. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 13, 449--482.
Walker, G. (2012). Coordination and interpretation of vocal and visible resources: ‘Trail-off’ conjunctions. Language and Speech, 55, 141--163.
Audacity development team (2015). Audacity®. Retrieved October 16, 2011 from http://audacity.sourceforge.net/.
Ball, M.J., & Müller, N. (2005). Phonetics for communication disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Beeke, S., Wilkinson, R., & Maxim, J. (2009). Prosody as a compensatory strategy in the conversations of people with agrammatism. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 23, 133--155.
Clark, H. H. (1996). Using language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Clarke, M., Bloch, S., & Wilkinson, R. (2013). Speaker transfer in children’s peer conversation: Completing communication-aid-mediated contributions. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 29, 37--53.
Clift, R. (2005). Discovering order. Lingua, 115, 1641--1665.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. L. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Damico, J. S., Müller, N., & Ball, M. J. (2010). Social and practical considerations in labeling. In J. S. Damico, N. Müller, & M. J. Ball (Eds.), The handbook of speech and language disorders (pp. 11-37). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Damico, J. S., & Simmons-Mackie, N. N. (2003). Qualitative research and speech-language pathology. A tutorial for the clinical realm. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 12, 131--143.
Damico, J. S., Simmons-Mackie, N., & Wilson, B. T. (2006). The negotiation of intelligibility in an aphasic dyad. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 20, 599--605.
Damico, J. S., Wilson, B. T., Simmons-Mackie, N. N., & Tetnowski, J. A. (2008). Overcoming unintelligibility in aphasia: The impact of non-verbal interactive strategies. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 22, 775--782.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 1-32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual. Essays on face-to-face behavior. New York: Pantheon.
Goodwin, C. (1981). Conversational organization. Interaction between speakers and hearers. New York: Academic Press.
Goodwin, C. (1995). Co-constructing meaning in conversations with an aphasic man. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 28, 233--260.
Goodwin, C., & Heritage, J. (1990) Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19, 283--307.
Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics. Vol. 3: Speech Acts (pp. 41-58). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Griffin, H. C., Davis, M. L., & Williams, S. C. (2004). CHARGE Syndrome: Educational and technological interventions. RE:view, 35, 149--157.
Janesick, V. L. (1994) The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 209-219). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jefferson, Gail (1984) Notes on a systematic deployment of the acknowledgement tokens ‘Yeah’ and ‘Mmhm’. Papers in Linguistics, 17, 197-216.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Local, J., & Walker, G. (2012). How phonetic features project more talk. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 42, 255--280.
Mahon, M. (2009). Interactions between a deaf child for whom English is an additional language and his specialist teacher in the first year at school: Combining words and gestures. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 23, 611--629.
Philips, B. J., & Ruscello, D. M. (1998). Introduction. In B. J. Philips & D. M. Ruscello (Eds.), Differential diagnosis in Speech-Language Pathology (pp. 1--4). Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50, 696--735.
Schegloff, E. A. (1982). Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of ‘uh huh’ and other things that come between sentences. In D. Tannen (Ed.), Analyzing discourse: Text and talk (pp. 71--93). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Schegloff, E. A. (1987). Analyzing single episodes of interaction: An exercise in Conversation Analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 101--114.
Schegloff, E. A. (1988). Discourse as an interactional achievement II: An exercise in Conversation Analysis. In D. Tannen (Ed.), Linguistics in context: Connecting observation and understanding (pp. 135-158). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Schegloff, E. A. (1989). Harvey Sacks lectures 1964--1965: An introduction/memoir. Human Studies, 12, 185--209.
Schegloff, E. A. (2007). Sequence organization in interaction. A primer in Conversation Analysis. Volume 1. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Simmons-Mackie, N. N., & Damico, J. S. (2003). Contributions of qualitative research to the knowledge base of normal communication. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12: 144-154.
Simmons-Mackie, N., Damico, J. S., & Damico, H. L. (1999). A qualitative study of feedback in aphasia treatment. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 8, 218--230.
Stiegler, L. N. (2007). Discovering communicative competencies in a nonspeaking child with autism. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 38, 400--413.
Tarling, K., Perkins, M. R., & Stojanovik, V. (2006). Conversational success in Williams syndrome: Communication in the face of cognitive and linguistic limitations. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 20, 583--590.
Tarplee, C., & Barrow, E. (1999). Delayed echoing as an interactional resource: A case study of a 3-year-old child on the autistic spectrum. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 13, 449--482.
Walker, G. (2012). Coordination and interpretation of vocal and visible resources: ‘Trail-off’ conjunctions. Language and Speech, 55, 141--163.
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