Archaeological remains of viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (AD 1099–1291) are quiterare, and those that are present are incomplete. In contrast, textual sources show extensive evidence of grapecultivation, wine production and wine consumption. Based on integration of archaeological and historicaldata, the focus of this article is on characteristics of Frankish grape cultivation and wine production inthe East. By doing so, its goal is to offer new interpretation and identify new questions. Coming from theChristian West, the Latins brought with them a wine culture which differed from that in the area underMuslim rule. This new attitude towards wine expressed itself in the demand for large quantities of winefor nutritional, religious and therapeutic purposes, and consequently influenced vine growing and winemaking in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Through the topicof viticulture, we aim to explore the extent to which Frankish society—as a migrant society—assimilatedwith, borrowed from, rejected and/or influenced its new environment.