Retrieving a Soul Part that Fractured During Trauma

Authors

  • Jane Simington Taking Flight International Author
  • Joan I J Wagner University of Regina Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1558/rsth.41174

Keywords:

trauma, soul retrieval, regression, soul loss, Shamanism, Indigenous, guided visualization, post-traumatic stress, PTSD

Abstract

A post-traumatic response includes alterations in functioning on the physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual levels. Interest in using complementary therapies resulted from PTSD patient requests for modalities that address their spiritual needs. The positive neurophysiology effects on PTSD symptoms produced by spiritual practices generates renewed interest in the approaches to the psyche proposed by Carl Jung, and also in traditional cultural practices for healing trauma. In traditional worldviews the shock of trauma can cause a part of the soul to fracture off and remain trapped in a non-ordinary reality. Jung encouraged therapeutic regression to connect with the lost part. Regression therapy gained support following MRI studies showing that trauma narratives are replayed through the brain’s right hemisphere. MRI studies support research showing that right hemisphere options, such as visualization, increase the possibility for healing trauma. The purpose of this research was to determine if there were pre- and post-intervention differences when using spiritually-focused guided visualization to regress subjects to a traumatic event, there to reclaim and reintegrate a soul part that had fractured off during trauma. Eight study participants from an Indigenous Community in Canada participated. Pre-to-post score differences on the PCL-5 suggest a positive and clinically meaningful response to the intervention. The themes derived from the narrative descriptions indicate that the soul retrieval intervention increased the well-being of the study participants.

References

American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

———. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Barnes, P. M., B. Bloom, R. L. Nahin. 2008. “Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States.” National Health Statistics Report 12: 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1037/e623942009-001

Bekhet, A. K. and J. A. Zauszniewski. 2012. “Methodological triangulation: An approach to understanding data.” Nurse Researcher 20(20): 40–43. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2012.11.20.2.40.c9442

Blevins, C. A., F. W. Weathers, M. T. Davis, T. K. Witte, and J. L. Domino. 2015. “The post traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation.” Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28, 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059

Bormann, J. E., L. Liu, S. R. Thorp, and A. J. Lang. 2012. “Spiritual Wellbeing mediates PTSD Change in Veterans with Military-related PTSD.” International Journal of Behavioural Medicine 19(4): 496–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9186-1

Bovin, M. J., B. P. Marx, F. W. Weathers, M. W. Gallagher, P. Rodriguez, P. P. Schnurr, and T. M. Keane. 2015. “Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in Veterans.” Psychological Assessment 28: 1379–1391. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000254

Chalmers, J. A., D. S. Quintana, M. J. Abbott, and A. H. Kemp. 2014. “Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability: A meta-analysis.” Front Psychology 5: 80. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00080

Currie. J. M., J. M. Holland, and K. D. Drescher. 2015. “Spirituality factors in the prediction of outcomes of PTSD treatment for U.S. Military Veterans.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 28: 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21978

Davis, M. T., Mulvaney-Day, N., Larson, M. J., Hoover, R. and Mauch, D. 2014. “Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Veterans and Military Personal: A Synthesis of Population Surveys.” Medical Care 52: S83–S90. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000227

Engel-Smith, J. 2014. Becoming yourself: The Journey from Head to Heart. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.

Fletcher, C. E., Mitchinson, A. R., Trumble, E. L., Hinshaw, D. B. and Dusek, J. A. 2014. “Perspectives of providers and administrators in the Veterans’ health administration regarding complementary and alternative medicine.” Medical Care 52: S91–S96. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000225

Herman, J. 1997. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence, from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York: Basic Books.

Hassija, C. M., Jakupcack, M. and Gray, M. J. 2013. “Numbing and dysphoria symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans: A review of findings and implications for treatment.” Behavior Modification 36(6): 834–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445512453735

Hesse-Biber, S. 2015. “Mixed Methods Research: The ‘Thingness’ Problem.” Qualitative Health Research 25(6): 775–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315580558

Ingerman. S. and H. Wasserman. 2010. Awakening the Spirit World: The Shamanic Path of Direct Revelation. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.

Kalsched, D. 2013. Trauma and the Soul: A Psycho-spiritual Approach to Human Development and its Interruptions. Abingdon: Routledge.

Koenig, H. G. 2004. “Religion, Spirituality, and Medicine: Research Findings and Implications for Clinical Practice.” The Southern Medical Association. Department of Psychiatry and Medicine 97(12): 1104–1200. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.SMJ.0000146489.21837.CE

Lanius, R. 2004. “The nature of traumatic memories: A 4-T fmri functional connectivity analysis.” American Journal of Psychiatry 161: 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.36

Lanius, R. A., E. Vermetten, R. J. Loewenstein, B. Brand, C. Schmahl, J. D. Bremner, D. Spiegel. 2010. “Emotion modulation in PTSD: Clinical neuro-biological evidence for a dissociative subtype.” American Journal of Psychiatry 167(6): 640–647. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09081168

Levine, P. 2005. Healing Trauma: A Pioneering Program for Restoring the Wisdom of Your Body. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.

Lockwood, A., D. Steinke, and S. R. Botts. 2009. “Medication adherence and its effects of relapse among patients discharged from a Veterans’ Affairs post-traumatic stress disorder treatment program.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 43(7/8): 1227–1232. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1M017

Olson, J., P. Paul, L. Douglass, M. Clark, J. Simington, and P. Goddard. 2003. “Spirituality in Canadian Undergraduate Nursing Education.” Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 35(3): 94–107.

Pugh, M. 2004. Spiraling into Wholeness: A Practical Guide for Healing Using Creativity and Body Wisdom. Doctoral dissertation, University of Creation Spirituality, Oakland, CA.

Resnick, P. A., T. E. Galovski, M. O. B. Uhlmansiek, Scher, C.D., G. A. Chum, and Y. Young-Xu. 2008. “A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing for post traumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76(2): 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.243

Sammito, S., Thielmann, B., Zimmermann, P. & Bockelmann, I. 2015. “Influence of post-traumatic stress disorder on heart rate variability as marker of the autonomic nervous system - A systemic review.” Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie 83(1): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398779

Scaer, R. 2005. Trauma spectrum: Hidden Wounds and Human Resiliency. New York: W. W. Norton.

Schuman, D. 2016. “Veterans’ experiences using complementary and alternative medicine for post traumatic stress: A qualitative interpretative meta-synthesis.” Social Work in Public Health 31(2): 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2015.1087915

Shafranske, E. P. and J. P. Cummings. 2013. “Religious and spiritual beliefs, affiliations and practices of psychologists.” In APA Handbook of Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, volume 11, edited by K. I. Parament, A. Mahoney, and E. Shafranske, volume 1, 23–41. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14046-002

Shore, A. 2008. “Paradigm Shift: The Right Brain and the Relational Unconscious.” Psychologist-Psychoanalyst 2(Summer): 20.

Simington, J. A. 2004. “Ethics for an evolving spirituality.” In Toward a Moral horizon: Nursing Ethics for Leadership and Practice, edited by J. L. Storch, P. Rodney, and R. Starzomski, 465–484. Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada.

———. 2013. “Trauma and Dissociation: Neurological and Spiritual Perspectives.” Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy 3(3). https://www.longdom.org/open-access/trauma-and-dissociation-neurological-and-spiritual-perspectives-2161-0487.1000116.pdf

———. 2018. “A Soulful Approach to Dissociation Resulting from Trauma.” Religious Studies and Theology 37(1): 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1558/rsth.35064

———. 2019. “Evaluating Trauma Education Designed within a Spiritual Framework.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59(1): 1–16.

Steinhubl, S. R., N.E. Wineinger, S. Patel, D. L Boeldt, G. Mackellar, V. Porter, E. J. Topol. 2015. Cardiovascular and nervous system changes during meditation. Frontiers in Neuroscience 9(145): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00145

Stewart, H. 2012. “Regression post-Ferenczi.” In Ferenczi and his World: Rekindling the Ancient Spirit of the Budapest School, edited by J. Szenkaca-Weisz and K. Keve, 129–137. London: Karnac. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429474712-9

Van der Kolk, B. 2006. “Clinical Implications of Neuroscience Research in PTSD.” New York Academy of Science 1071: 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1364.022

———. 2014. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind and Body in the Healing of Trauma. New York: Viking.

Vickers, P. 2006. Trauma and Soul Retrieval. University of British Columbia Learning Circle: Embracing Community Solutions. http://med-fom-learningcircle.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2018/01/TRAUMA-AND-SOUL-RETRIEVAL.pdf

Wahbeh, H., N. D. Senders, M. S. Neuendorf, and J. Cayton. 2014. “Complementary and alternative medicine for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms: A systemic review.” Journal of Evidenced-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 19(30): 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587214525403

Wahbeh, H., L. Shainsky, A. Weaver, and J. Engels-Smith. 2017. “Shamanic healing for Veterans with PTSD.” Explore 13(3): 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2017.02.003

Weathers, F.W., B. T. Litz, T. M. Keane, P. A. Palmieri, B. P. Marx, and P. P. Schnurr, 2013. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). http://recnok.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/PCL-5-Scoring.pdf

Winnicott, D. W. 1969. “Metapsychological and clinical aspects of regression within the psychoanalytical set-up.” In Collected papers: Through paediatrics to psychoanalysis, edited by Robert Adès, 278–294. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.

Wortmann, J. H., A. H. Jordan, F. W. Weathers, P. A Resick, K. A. Dondanville, B. Hall-Clark, B. T. Litz. 2016. “Psychometric analysis of the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) among treatment-seeking military service members.” Psychological Assessment 28: 1392–1403. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000260

Published

2020-05-06

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Simington, J., & Wagner, J. I. J. (2020). Retrieving a Soul Part that Fractured During Trauma. Religious Studies and Theology, 39(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1558/rsth.41174