Para um modelo do “code-switching” e a alternância de variedades como fenómenos distintos
dados do discurso galego-português/espanhol na Galiza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v1i1.111Keywords:
code-switching (CS), alternation of speech varieties (AL), interactional analysisAbstract
In this paper, a model is outlined for the interactional analysis of code-switching (CS) as a communicative phenomenon separate from the alternation of speech varieties (AL, alternancia linguística) which is a purely structural phenomenon. Communicative codes are viewed as general mechanisms to manifest intentions at several levels of discourse organization. A given communicative code mobilizes and organizes sets of both linguistic and non-linguistic contextualization signals. A switch of communicative codes, or CS, is therefore a detectable recontextualization strategy by which contrasting sets of varied signals are deployed. CS may or may not involve AL, as language alternations may or may not be interactionally significant in terms of signalling intentions. The interplay between CS and language alternation results in four possibilities: (1) CS with AL (CSconAL); (2) AL without CS (ALsenCS); (3) CS without AL (CSsenAL); and (4) neither CS nor AL (NinCSninAL). The first three possibilities are examined and illustrated through the interactional analysis of two cases of Galizan-Portuguese/Spanish public discourse from two television programs. Finally, it is proposed that an interactional approach to CS must steer away from preconceived notions about languages in contact and their supposed, respective signalling values.
References
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Rodríguez Yáñez, X.P. (1995). Estratexias de comunicación nas interaccións cliente-vendedor no mercado da cidade de Lugo: As alternancias de lingua galego/castelán e a negociación da escolla de lingua. Tese de Doutoramento. Departamento de Linguística Geral e Teoria da Literatura, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña.
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__ (1991). “Language revival, code manipulation and social power in Galiza: Off-record uses of Spanish in formal communicative events”. Em C.A. Klee (ed.). Sociolinguistics of the Spanish-speaking world: Iberia, Latin America, United States. Tempe (AZ): Bilingual Press / Editorial Bilingüe, 41-73.
__ (1993). “The pigeon house, the octopus, and the people: The ideologization of linguistic practices in Galiza”. Plurilinguismes 6, 1-26.
__ (1996). “The power of reflexive language(s): Code displacement in reported speech”. Journal of Pragmatics 25 (1), 33-59.
__ (1998). “From ‘switching code’ to ‘codeswitching’: Towards a reconceptualisation of communicative codes”. Em P. Auer (ed.). Code-Switching in Conversation. Language, Interaction and Identity, Londres: Routledge, 29-48.
Auer, Peter (1988). “A conversation analytic approach to code-switching and transfer”. Em Monica Heller (ed.). Code-switching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 187-213.
__ (1989). A discussion paper on code alternation. Trabalho apresentado em First Conference of the European Network on Code-Switching on Concepts, Methodology and Data. Bâle, Janeiro 1989.
__ (1992). “Introduction: John Gumperz’ approach to contextualization”. Em P. Auer & A. di Luzio (eds.). The Contextualization of Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1-37.
__ (1998a). “From code-switching via language mixing to fused lects: Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech”. InLiSt. Interaction and Linguistic Structures 6: Universität Konstanz, 26 pp.
__ (1998b). “Introduction: Bilingual Conversation revisited”. Em P. Auer (ed.). Code-Switching in Conversation. Language, Interaction and Identity. Londres: Routledge, 1-24.
__ (2000). “Why should we and how can we determine the “base language” of a bilingual conversation?”. Estudios de Sociolingüística 1(1), 129-44.
Eco, U. (1976). A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Gafaranga, J. (s/d). The Myth of Language Separateness in Bilingual Talk: Structuralism / Normative Frameworks in Studies of Code-Switching. Manuscrito: Linguistics Department, Lancaster University. 36 pp.
Goodwin, Ch. (1981). Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. Nova York: Academic Press.
Goodwin, M.H. (1996). “Shifting frame”. Em D.I. Slobin, J. Gerhardt, A. Kyratzis & J. Guo (eds.). Social Interaction, Social Context, and Language. Essays in Honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp. Mahwah (N.J.): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 71-82.
Gumperz, J.J. (1964). “Hindi-Punjabi code-switching in Delhi”. Em H. Lunt (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, Cambridge, Massachussetts, 1962. A Haia: Mouton, 1115-1124.
__ (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haberland, H. (1986). “Reported speech in Danish”. Em F. Coulmas (ed.). Direct and Indirect Speech. Berlin: De Gruyter, 219-53.
Heller, M.S. (1988). “Strategic ambiguity: code-switching in the management of conflict”. Em M.S. Heller (ed.). Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter, 77-96.
Jakobson, R. (1959). “Overlapping of code and message in language”. American Anthropologist LXI (5), 139-45.
__ (1961). “Linguistics and communication theory”. Em R. Jakobson (ed.). On the Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects. Providence (RI): American Mathematical Society, 245-52.
Li Wei (1998). “The ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions in the analysis of conversational code-switching”. Em P. Auer (ed.). Code-Switching in Conversation. Language, Interaction and Identity. Londres: Routledge, 156-76.
Li Wei & L. Milroy (1995). “Conversational code-switching in a Chinese community in Britain: A sequential analysis”. Journal of Pragmatics 23, 281-99.
Meeuwis, M. & J. Blommaert (1998). “A monolectal view of code-switching: Layered code-switching among Zairians in Belgium”. Em P. Auer (ed.). Code-Switching in Conversation. Language, Interaction and Identity. Londres: Routledge, 76-98.
Myers-Scotton, C. (1976). “Strategies of neutrality: language choice in uncertain situations”. Language 52(4), 919-41.
__ (1983). “The negotiation of identities in conversation: A theory of markedness and code choice”. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 44, 115-36.
Poplack, S. (1980). “Sometimes I'll start a sentence in Spanish Y TERMINO EN ESPAÑOL: toward a typology of code-switching”. Linguistics 18, 581-618.
Prego Vázquez, G. (1997). “Comprando leitugas, leitughas e lechughas. Reformulacións e negociación de identidades na feira”. Em Actas do I Simposio Internacional sobre o Bilingüismo (SIB97): Comunidades e Individuos Bilingües [Universidade de Vigo, 21-25 Outubro 1997].
Rampton, B. (1995). Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among Adolescents. Londres: Longman.
Rodríguez Yáñez, X.P. (1995). Estratexias de comunicación nas interaccións cliente-vendedor no mercado da cidade de Lugo: As alternancias de lingua galego/castelán e a negociación da escolla de lingua. Tese de Doutoramento. Departamento de Linguística Geral e Teoria da Literatura, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña.
Woolard, K. (1999). “Simultaneity and bivalency as strategies in bilingualism”. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 8(1), 3-29.
Published
2000-04-01
Issue
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Cáccamo, C. A. (2000). Para um modelo do “code-switching” e a alternância de variedades como fenómenos distintos: dados do discurso galego-português/espanhol na Galiza. Sociolinguistic Studies, 1(1), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v1i1.111
