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The world of experience: process types and grammatical metaphor


 
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1. Title Title of document The world of experience: process types and grammatical metaphor - A Functional Grammar for Writers
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Derek Irwin; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus;
 
2. Creator Author's name, affiliation, country Viktoria Jovanovic-Krstic; University of Toronto;
 
3. Subject Discipline(s) Linguistics
 
4. Subject Keyword(s) academic texts; grammar; systemic functional grammar; SFG; prescriptive grammar; rules of grammar
 
6. Description Abstract This chapter addresses the various process types available to a writer in English, and explains how the choice of these process types positions the text. In essence, writers encode experience either in material processes (the world of doing), mental processes (the world of thinking and feeling), or relational processes (the world of identifying or attributing). Important also are verbal processes (the world of saying), in which we are able to place words and concepts in the mouths of others, a means in academic writing of creating solid argument structures. Finally, it turns to the resource or grammatical metaphor – the ways that we can take something from one type of grammatical structure (the verb “drink,” for example) and shift it to another (the participial adjective or gerund “drinking”) to allow for greater abstraction of process, thereby allowing greater precision of modification.
By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to see the broad patterns in process type and participant in English, and understand why certain choices are made in academic writing. Further, they will be able to judge and increase or decrease lexical density according to the needs of the text.
 
7. Publisher Organizing agency, location Equinox Publishing Ltd
 
8. Contributor Sponsor(s)
 
9. Date (YYYY-MM-DD) 01-Mar-2026
 
10. Type Status & genre Peer-reviewed Article
 
11. Type Type
 
12. Format File format PDF
 
13. Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/books/article/view/26426
 
14. Identifier Digital Object Identifier 10.1558/equinox.26426
 
15. Source Journal/conference title; vol., no. (year) Equinox eBooks Publishing; A Functional Grammar for Writers
 
16. Language English=en en
 
18. Coverage Geo-spatial location, chronological period, research sample (gender, age, etc.) modern to contemporary
 
19. Rights Copyright and permissions Copyright 2014 Equinox Publishing Ltd